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Utilization of sunglasses: A pilot study to examine a simple test for cognitive dysfunction.

S E Hoogers1, J M W Segers-van Rijn2, P W Wirtz2

  • 1Haga hospital, Leyweg 275, 2545 CH The Hague, The Netherlands.

Clinical Neurology and Neurosurgery
|November 7, 2018
PubMed
Summary

The sunglasses test is a simple screening tool for utilization, an executive function disorder. Prompting patients to put on sunglasses without instruction can indicate cognitive dysfunction, warranting further evaluation.

Keywords:
Alzheimers diseaseBehavioral disorderCognitionDementiaFrontotemporal dementiaUtilization

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Geriatrics

Background:

  • Utilization is an executive function disorder characterized by inappropriate responses to stimuli.
  • The sunglasses test offers a simple method to assess utilization by observing patient reactions to unexpected objects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To pilot the efficacy of the sunglasses test in identifying cognitive dysfunction.
  • To determine the sensitivity and specificity of the sunglasses test.

Main Methods:

  • A pilot study involved 100 patients, with 50 exhibiting cognitive symptoms and 50 without.
  • Cognitive dysfunction was assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), clock test, and blinded neuropsychological evaluation.
  • The sunglasses test was administered by offering sunglasses without instruction; a positive result was recorded if the patient put them on.

Main Results:

  • The sunglasses test demonstrated high diagnostic accuracy with 80% sensitivity and 97% specificity for cognitive dysfunction.
  • Patients with cognitive symptoms had a positive test rate of 60% (30/50), while none of the cognitively healthy individuals tested positive.
  • The positive predictive value of the sunglasses test was 93%.

Conclusions:

  • The sunglasses test is a practical and effective bedside screening tool for utilization deficits.
  • A positive response to the sunglasses test suggests potential cognitive dysfunction, necessitating further comprehensive assessment.
  • Further research with larger cohorts is recommended to validate the test's utility across various neurodegenerative conditions.