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Natural Product Discovery with LC-MS/MS Diagnostic Fragmentation Filtering: Application for Microcystin Analysis
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Microcystin-RR: Occurrence, content in water and food and toxicological studies. A review

Leticia Díez-Quijada1, María Puerto1, Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena1

  • 1Area of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidad de Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain.

Environmental Research
|November 7, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Microcystins (MCs) are potent cyanotoxins. This review highlights MC-RR, a common variant, finding limited data on its specific toxicity and long-term effects, hindering accurate risk assessment.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental toxicology
  • Cyanobacterial toxins
  • Public health risk assessment

Background:

  • Microcystins (MCs) are hepatotoxins from cyanobacteria, with increasing global occurrence.
  • Over 100 MC variants exist; MC-LR is well-studied, but others require investigation.
  • Improved risk assessment necessitates toxicological data for non-MC-LR variants.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review scientific literature on MC-RR, the second most prevalent cyanotoxin.
  • To assess available data on MC-RR occurrence and toxicity.
  • To identify knowledge gaps regarding MC-RR's specific toxicological profile.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review of MC-RR occurrence in water and food.
  • Analysis of in vitro and in vivo toxicity studies for MC-RR.
  • Evaluation of data on MC-RR's genotoxicity and chronic effects.

Main Results:

  • MC-RR is a significant environmental hazard with high exposure potential in certain regions.
  • Existing data on MC-RR toxicity is limited, especially compared to MC-LR.
  • Crucial toxicological aspects like genotoxicity and chronic effects remain under-researched.

Conclusions:

  • MC-RR poses a substantial risk, yet its specific toxicological properties are poorly understood.
  • Further research is essential to characterize MC-RR's distinct toxicity and long-term health impacts.
  • Comprehensive data on MC-RR is critical for accurate human and wildlife risk assessment.
Keywords:
CyanotoxinsMC-RRMicrocystinOccurrenceToxicity

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