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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Analyzing Ex Vivo Metabolic Flux in Splenic and Cardiac Macrophages and Bone Marrow Monocytes
Published on: March 28, 2025
Combining Calcium Phosphates with Polysaccharides: A Bone-Inspired Material Modulating Monocyte/Macrophage Early
Hassan Rammal1,2, Camille Bour3, Marie Dubus4,5
1EA 4691, Biomatériaux et Inflammation en Site Osseux (BIOS), SFR CAP Santé (FED4231), Université de Reims Champagne Ardenne, Reims 1100, France. hkrammal@hotmail.com.
Abstract:
The use of inorganic calcium/phosphate supplemented with biopolymers has drawn lots of attention in bone regenerative medicine. While inflammation is required for bone healing, its exacerbation alters tissue regeneration/implants integration. Inspired by bone composition, a friendly automated spray-assisted system was used to build bioactive and osteoinductive calcium phosphate/chitosan/hyaluronic acid substrate (CaP-CHI-HA). Exposing monocytes to CaP-CHI-HA resulted in a secretion of pro-healing VEGF and TGF-β growth factors, TNF-α, MCP-1, IL-6 and IL-8 pro-inflammatory mediators but also IL-10 anti-inflammatory cytokine along with an inflammatory index below 1.5 (versus 2.5 and 7.5 following CaP and LPS stimulation, respectively). Although CD44 hyaluronic acid receptor seems not to be involved in the inflammatory regulation, results suggest a potential role of chemical composition and calcium release from build-up substrates, in affecting the intracellular expression of a calcium-sensing receptor. Herein, our findings indicate a great potential of CaP-CHI-HA in providing required inflammation-healing balance, favorable for bone healing/regeneration.
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