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Related Concept Videos

Viscosity01:17

Viscosity

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When water is poured into a glass, it falls freely and quickly, whereas if honey or maple syrup is poured over a pancake, it flows slowly and sticks to the surface of the container. This difference in the flow of different kinds of liquids arises due to the fluid friction between the liquid layers and the liquid and the surrounding material. This property of fluids is called fluid viscosity. In this example, water has a lower viscosity than honey and maple syrup.
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Surface Tension, Capillary Action, and Viscosity02:57

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Surface Tension
The various IMFs between identical molecules of a substance are examples of cohesive forces. The molecules within a liquid are surrounded by other molecules and are attracted equally in all directions by the cohesive forces within the liquid. However, the molecules on the surface of a liquid are attracted only by about one-half as many molecules. Because of the unbalanced molecular attractions on the surface molecules, liquids contract to form a shape that minimizes the number...
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Viscosity of Fluid01:19

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Viscosity measures the resistance a fluid offers to flow and deformation. It results from internal friction between layers of fluid moving relative to one another. Dynamic viscosity, denoted by the Greek letter mu (μ), quantifies the force needed to move one fluid layer over another. For Newtonian fluids like water and air, the relationship between the shearing stress and the rate of shearing strain is linear, meaning their viscosity remains constant regardless of the applied stress.
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Excess Pressure Inside a Drop and a Bubble01:13

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The shape of a small drop of liquid can be considered spherical, neglecting the effect of gravity. This drop can further be considered as two equal hemispherical drops put together due to surface tension. The forces acting on the spherical drop are due to the pressure of the liquid inside the drop, the pressure due to air outside the drop, and the force due to the surface tension acting on the two hemispherical drops.
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Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency01:19

Turnover Number and Catalytic Efficiency

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The turnover number of an enzyme is the maximum number of substrate molecules it can transform per unit time. Turnover numbers for most enzymes range from 1 to 1000 molecules per second. Catalase has the known highest turnover number, capable of converting up to 2.8×106 molecules of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen per second. Lysozyme has the lowest known turnover number of half a molecule per second.
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Catalytically Perfect Enzymes01:07

Catalytically Perfect Enzymes

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The theory of catalytically perfect enzymes was first proposed by W.J. Albery and J. R. Knowles in 1976. These enzymes catalyze biochemical reactions at high-speed. Their catalytic efficiency values range from 108-109 M-1s-1. These enzymes are also called 'diffusion-controlled' as the only rate-limiting step in the catalysis is that of the substrate diffusion into the active site. Examples include triose phosphate isomerase, fumarase, and superoxide dismutase.
 
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A Viscosity-Based Model for Bubble-Propelled Catalytic Micromotors.

Zhen Wang1, Qingjia Chi2, Lisheng Liu3

  • 1Department of Mechanics and Engineering Structure, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan 430070, China. wangzhen@whut.edu.cn.

Micromachines
|November 8, 2018
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Summary

This study presents a mechanical model for micromotor propulsion, revealing geometric asymmetry and fluid viscosity significantly impact their speed. The model accurately predicts experimental results, aiding future micromotor applications.

Keywords:
mechanical modelmicromotorsviscosity

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Area of Science:

  • Fluid dynamics
  • Mechanical engineering
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Micromotors offer potential for various applications but their propulsion mechanisms require further understanding.
  • Existing models often overlook key factors influencing micromotor performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an accurate mechanical model for micromotor propulsion.
  • To investigate the influence of geometric asymmetry and fluid viscosity on micromotor velocity.
  • To validate the model against experimental data.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mechanical model based on hydrodynamic principles.
  • Incorporated geometric asymmetry and fluid viscosity into the model.
  • Compared model predictions with experimental results.
  • Analyzed the effects of semi-cone angle and length-radius aspect ratio.

Main Results:

  • The proposed mechanical model shows good agreement with experimental data.
  • Geometric parameters, including the semi-cone angle and length-radius aspect ratio, significantly affect micromotor velocity.
  • Micromotor speed decreases notably in highly viscous fluids.

Conclusions:

  • The developed model provides an accurate understanding of micromotor propulsion.
  • Geometric design and fluid viscosity are critical factors for optimizing micromotor performance.
  • This research facilitates the advancement of micromotor technology for practical applications.