Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Translation01:31

Translation

156.4K
Lesson: Translation
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of...
156.4K
Translation01:31

Translation

17.8K
Translation is the process of synthesizing proteins from the genetic information carried by messenger RNA (mRNA). Following transcription, it constitutes the final step in the expression of genes. This process is carried out by ribosomes, complexes of protein and specialized RNA molecules. Ribosomes, transfer RNA (tRNA), and other proteins produce a chain of amino acids—the polypeptide—as the end product of translation.
Translation Produces the Building Blocks of Life
Proteins are...
17.8K
Initiation of Translation02:33

Initiation of Translation

39.0K
Initiating translation is complex because it involves multiple molecules. Initiator tRNA, ribosomal subunits, and eukaryotic initiation factors (eIFs) are all required to assemble on the initiation codon of mRNA. This process consists of several steps that are mediated by different eIFs.
First, the initiator tRNA must be selected from the pool of elongator tRNAs by eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). The initiator tRNA (Met-tRNAi) has conserved sequence elements including modified bases at...
39.0K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

27.7K
The large ribosomal subunit has several important structures essential to translation. These include the peptidyl transferase center (PTC) - which is the site where the peptide bond is formed - and a large, internal, water-filled tube through which the nascent polypeptide moves. This latter structure is called the Peptide Exit Tunnel, and it begins at the PTC and spans the body of the large ribosomal subunit. During translation, as the nascent polypeptide chain is synthesized, it passes through...
27.7K
Termination of Translation01:44

Termination of Translation

6.8K
6.8K
Improving Translational Accuracy02:07

Improving Translational Accuracy

14.9K
Base complementarity between the three base pairs of mRNA codon and the tRNA anticodon is not a failsafe mechanism. Inaccuracies can range from a single mismatch to no correct base pairing at all. The free energy difference between the correct and nearly correct base pairs can be as small as 3 kcal/ mol. With complementarity being the only proofreading step, the estimated error frequency would be one wrong amino acid in every 100 amino acids incorporated. However, error frequencies observed in...
14.9K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

A critical appraisal and recommendation synthesis of delirium clinical practice guidelines relevant to the care of older adults in the emergency department: An umbrella review.

Journal of evaluation in clinical practice·2023
Same author

How Do Health Systems Address Patient Flow When Services Are Misaligned With Population Needs? A Qualitative Study.

International journal of health policy and management·2021
Same author

Can facility-based transitional care improve patient flow? Lessons from four Canadian regions.

Healthcare management forum·2021
Same author

When Coproduction Is Unproductive Comment on "Experience of Health Leadership in Partnering with University-Based Researchers in Canada: A Call to 'Re-Imagine' Research".

International journal of health policy and management·2020
Same author

Conceptualizing the Organization of Surgical Services Comment on "Decentralization and Regionalization of Surgical Care: A Review of Evidence for the Optimal Distribution of Surgical Services in Low- and Middle-Income Countries".

International journal of health policy and management·2020
Same author

"Working Against Gravity": The Uphill Task of Overcapacity Management.

Health services insights·2020

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.6K

Advancing the evaluation of integrated knowledge translation.

Sara A Kreindler1,2

  • 1Department of Community Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, 451-753 McDermot Ave., Winnipeg, MB, R3E 0T6, Canada. skreindler@wrha.mb.ca.

Health Research Policy and Systems
|November 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Realistic evaluation helps assess integrated knowledge translation (IKT) by examining context and mechanisms. This approach clarifies how research influences organizational action, improving IKT

Keywords:
Evidence-informed decision-makingKnowledge translationRealistic evaluationResearch methods

More Related Videos

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

2.6K
A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports
07:35

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

Published on: October 13, 2023

2.2K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems
05:47

Evidence-based Knowledge Synthesis and Hypothesis Validation: Navigating Biomedical Knowledge Bases via Explainable AI and Agentic Systems

Published on: June 13, 2025

1.6K
Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes
10:09

Evaluation of the Spindle Assembly Checkpoint Integrity in Mouse Oocytes

Published on: September 13, 2022

2.6K
A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports
07:35

A Knowledge Graph Approach to Elucidate the Role of Organellar Pathways in Disease via Biomedical Reports

Published on: October 13, 2023

2.2K

Area of Science:

  • Health Services Research
  • Knowledge Translation
  • Evaluation Science

Background:

  • Integrated knowledge translation (IKT) aims to increase research use by involving decision-makers in knowledge co-production.
  • Evaluating manager/policy-maker-focused IKT often overlooks whether research leads to organizational action, focusing instead on intermediate outcomes.
  • Assessing the impact of IKT on organizational action is challenging due to the multifactorial nature of this distal outcome.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate how realistic evaluation can advance the assessment of integrated knowledge translation (IKT).
  • To propose a context-sensitive causal chain for IKT, detailing pathways to instrumental and indirect research use.
  • To identify mechanisms and context factors influencing the effectiveness of IKT in driving organizational action.

Main Methods:

  • Adopting a realistic evaluation framework that views outcomes as a product of intervention mechanisms and context.
  • Utilizing a 'context-sensitive causal chain' diagram to visualize the links between IKT activities, mechanisms, outcomes, and context.
  • Reviewing literature to identify key mechanisms (e.g., capacity-building, relationship-building, credibility, usability, belief changes) and context factors (e.g., absorptive capacity, decision-making environment).

Main Results:

  • Proposed a context-sensitive causal chain illustrating how IKT can lead to instrumental (direct decision-making) and indirect research use.
  • Identified key mechanisms, including building researcher-decision-maker relationships and enhancing knowledge credibility and usability.
  • Highlighted the critical role of organizational context, such as absorptive capacity and the decision-making environment, in mediating IKT outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Realistic evaluation offers a robust approach to address causality in IKT, considering 'what works, for whom, and under what conditions'.
  • This framework allows for the systematic testing and refinement of mid-range theories applicable to diverse IKT interventions.
  • Applying a realist approach can significantly enhance the assessment and effectiveness of integrated knowledge translation.