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Energy restriction in renal protection.
The British Journal of Nutrition
|November 8, 2018
Summary
Energy restriction (ER) extends lifespan and protects kidneys by modulating key cellular pathways. Further research is needed to confirm ER
Area of Science:
- Gerontology and Nephrology
- Metabolic pathways and cellular stress responses
Background:
- Energy restriction (ER) is a proven lifespan-extending intervention across various species.
- ER demonstrates prophylactic and therapeutic effects on age-related kidney disease and injury in preclinical models.
- Mechanisms involve AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), sirtuin type 1 (Sirt1), autophagy, mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), inflammation, and oxidative stress.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the established role of ER in renal protection.
- To explore the underlying molecular mechanisms of ER's renoprotective effects.
- To identify the limitations and future directions for ER-based kidney interventions.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of preclinical studies on energy restriction and kidney health.
- Analysis of molecular pathways implicated in ER's protective effects.
- Evaluation of current evidence regarding ER's efficacy in human kidney disease.
Main Results:
- ER significantly extends lifespan and shows protective effects against various kidney injuries in animal models.
- Key mechanisms include activation of AMPK and Sirt1, enhanced autophagy, and suppression of mTOR, inflammation, and oxidative stress.
- Human data on ER's renal benefits are limited due to a lack of large randomized controlled trials.
Conclusions:
- Energy restriction offers significant potential for renal protection through well-defined cellular pathways.
- Further investigation, particularly large-scale human trials, is crucial to establish definitive clinical applications for ER in kidney disease.
- Development of targeted ER mimetics or dietary interventions is a promising avenue for future kidney protection strategies.
Keywords:
AKI acute kidney injuryAMPK AMP-activated protein kinaseCKD chronic kidney diseaseDN diabetic nephropathyER energy restrictionERM energy restriction mimeticsESRD end-stage renal diseaseHIF hypoxia-inducible factor 1PR protein restrictionPi inorganic phosphateROS reactive oxygen speciesSirt1 sirtuin type 1TGF-β transforming growth factor-βmTOR mammalian target of rapamycinAgeingEnergy restrictionInflammationKidney injuryOxidative stressSirtuin type 1: Autophagy
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