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Related Concept Videos

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests01:24

Serum Studies: Renal Function Tests

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Renal function tests are crucial for assessing kidney health, monitoring disease progression, and evaluating the kidneys' efficiency in waste elimination, fluid balance, and electrolyte regulation. These tests offer critical insights into kidney function, even though routine measurements may appear normal until there is a significant decline in the glomerular filtration rate or GFR. Typically, signs of kidney impairment only become evident when the GFR falls to about 50% of its normal level.
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Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment01:17

Factors Affecting Renal Clearance: Renal Impairment

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Renal dysfunction significantly impairs the renal clearance of drugs, leading to potential complications in drug therapy. Renal failure, which can be caused by various factors, poses a significant challenge in the elimination of drugs from the body.
One condition associated with renal failure is uremia. Uremia is characterized by impaired glomerular filtration and fluid accumulation in the body. This condition hinders the renal clearance of drugs, resulting in drug accumulation and potential...
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Anatomy of the Heart01:27

Anatomy of the Heart

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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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Renal Corpuscle01:20

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The glomerulus and Bowman's capsule are two essential components of the nephron, which is the functional unit of the kidney. These microscopic structures play a critical role in the process of blood filtration to produce urine.
Glomerulus: Structure and Function
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Renal Clearance01:23

Renal Clearance

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The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is a critical marker of kidney function, reflecting the efficiency of filtration by the glomeruli. Renal clearance of specific substances, such as inulin or creatinine, is commonly used to measure GFR.
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Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods01:08

Renal Drug Clearance: Comparison Between Renal Excretion Methods

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Renal clearance is a critical parameter encompassing kidney filtration, secretion, and reabsorption processes. It is calculated using a specific equation to determine the rate at which the kidneys clear a drug.
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Murine Renal Transplantation Procedure
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Changes in Renal Function After Heart Transplantation.

C I Tsao1, M Ting2, N K Chou2

  • 1Department of Nursing, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.

Transplantation Proceedings
|November 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Renal function in heart transplant (HTx) recipients shows an initial sharp decline within 3 months, then stabilizes over 5 years. This study tracked kidney function changes in Taiwanese HTx patients.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Renal function typically declines after heart transplantation (HTx), often biphasically.
  • Limited data exists on long-term renal function trajectories post-HTx, particularly in Asian populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe changes in serum creatinine and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) over 5 years in Taiwanese heart transplant recipients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of 422 adult patients undergoing first HTx between 1987 and 2014.
  • Analysis of serum creatinine and eGFR levels at baseline, 3 months, and up to 5 years post-transplant.
  • Patients grouped by immunosuppressive regimen (1987-2002 vs. 2003-2014).

Main Results:

  • Median serum creatinine increased from 1.2 mg/dL pre-transplant to 1.4 mg/dL at 3 months, then stabilized over 5 years.
  • Median eGFR was 67 mL/min/1.73 m² pre-transplant, showing significant differences post-transplant.
  • An initial steep decline in renal function within 3 months post-HTx was observed, followed by stability over the subsequent years.

Conclusions:

  • Renal function in heart transplant recipients exhibits a significant decline within 3 months post-surgery.
  • This decline stabilizes, with a slow rate of deterioration observed over the following months and years.
  • A time-related progressive deterioration in renal function is evident during the 5 years following heart transplantation.