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Social psychologists have documented that feeling good about ourselves and maintaining positive self-esteem is a powerful motivator of human behavior (Tavris & Aronson, 2008). In the United States, members of the predominant culture typically think very highly of themselves and view themselves as good people who are above average on many desirable traits (Ehrlinger, Gilovich, & Ross, 2005). Often, our behavior, attitudes, and beliefs are affected when we experience a threat to our...
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Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Cognitive Changes with Reproductive Aging, Perimenopause, and Menopause.

Kelly N Morgan1, Carol A Derby2, Carey E Gleason3

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Obstetrics and Gynecology Clinics of North America
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Summary

This review explores how estrogen affects brain function and cognition through menopause. It examines hormone therapy

Keywords:
CognitionEarly versus late intervention trial with estradiolEstrogensHormone therapyKronos early estrogen prevention studyMenopauseStudy of women across the nationWomen’s Health Initiative

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Endocrinology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Endogenous estrogen plays a crucial role in neural and cognitive functions.
  • The menopausal transition significantly alters estrogen levels, potentially impacting cognition.
  • Hormone therapy (HT) is a common intervention, but its cognitive effects are debated.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of endogenous estrogen in neural and cognitive processing.
  • To examine longitudinal cognitive data during the menopausal transition.
  • To analyze hormone therapy trial results and the timing hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of neuroscience and cognitive studies.
  • Analysis of longitudinal data from women in various menopausal stages.
  • Synthesis of findings from major hormone therapy trials.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen influences various aspects of neural processing and cognitive function.
  • Cognitive changes are observed during the menopausal transition, with varied patterns.
  • Hormone therapy trial results are inconsistent, suggesting complexity in its effects.
  • The 'timing hypothesis' proposes that the timing of HT initiation relative to menopause onset influences outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Estrogen's neurocognitive effects are complex and context-dependent.
  • Future research should focus on personalized HT approaches based on timing and individual factors.
  • Clinicians should consider the timing hypothesis when advising patients on hormone therapy for cognitive health.