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Ethical Issues in Gender-Affirming Care for Youth
Laura L Kimberly1,2, Kelly McBride Folkers1, Phoebe Friesen3
1Division of Medical Ethics, Department of Population Health.
Pediatrics
|November 8, 2018
Summary
Gender-affirming care helps transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) youth with gender dysphoria, but ethical challenges remain. More research is needed on long-term effects of treatments.
Area of Science:
- Medical Ethics
- Pediatric Endocrinology
- Psychosocial Health
Background:
- Transgender and gender-nonconforming (TGNC) youth with gender dysphoria face significant physical and psychosocial risks.
- Gender-affirming care offers innovative treatments to resolve gender dysphoria and mitigate negative outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To examine the ethical considerations in providing gender-affirming care to TGNC youth.
- To highlight the need for more research on the long-term effects of hormonal and surgical interventions.
Main Methods:
- Ethical principles (beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, justice) were applied to analyze gender-affirming care.
- Current evidence on treatment effectiveness and risks was reviewed.
Main Results:
- Gender-affirming care is effective but faces ethical challenges regarding safety, affordability, and equitable access.
- Long-term outcomes of hormonal and surgical interventions require further investigation.
Conclusions:
- Ethical decision-making requires balancing treatment benefits with potential harms and ensuring equitable access.
- A national registry for tracking long-term outcomes is recommended to support evidence-based, patient-centered care.
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