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Molecular allergy diagnostic tests: development and relevance in clinical practice
J Kleine-Tebbe1, U Jappe2,3
1Allergie- und Asthma-Zentrum Westend, Praxis Hanf, Ackermann und Kleine-Tebbe, Berlin.
Allergologie Select
|November 8, 2018
Summary
Molecular allergy utilizes single allergens for improved in-vitro diagnostics, enhancing sensitivity and enabling component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) to distinguish allergies. This approach aids in understanding cross-reactivity and specific sensitization patterns.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Allergology
- Biochemistry
Background:
- Molecular allergy focuses on identifying and using individual allergens from sources like pollen, mites, and foods.
- Allergens often belong to protein families with shared structures and IgE epitopes, leading to cross-reactivity.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the application of single allergens in improving in-vitro diagnostics for allergies.
- To highlight the benefits of component-resolved diagnostics (CRD) in differentiating allergic sensitizations.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing purified or recombinant (glyco)proteins as single allergens.
- Employing singleplex assays and multiplex microarray formats for IgE detection.
- Analyzing allergen components for improved analytical sensitivity compared to extracts.
Main Results:
- Single allergens enhance sensitivity in specific IgE assays and enable CRD.
- CRD differentiates primary from secondary allergic sensitizations.
- Microarray formats offer multiplex testing but may have slightly reduced analytical sensitivity.
Conclusions:
- Molecular allergy concepts need to be source-specific (e.g., pollen, food).
- Well-characterized patient cohorts are crucial for defining the diagnostic role of single allergens globally.
- Clinical information is essential for interpreting molecular allergology results and determining clinical relevance.
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