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Haguy Wolfenson1, Bo Yang2, Michael P Sheetz2,3

  • 1Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel 31096;

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|November 8, 2018
PubMed
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Cellular morphology is crucial, with cells sensing their microenvironment to achieve shape. Understanding mechanotransduction and extracellular matrix mechanosensing is key to tissue homeostasis and disease.

Keywords:
cell fatecell morphologycytoskeletonintegrin adhesionsmechanotransduction

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Area of Science:

  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Mechanotransduction pathways regulate fundamental cellular functions, with cell morphology being critical.
  • Cells achieve polarized shapes through repeated microenvironmental testing, involving motility, mechanotesting, and mechanoresponse functions.
  • Hormones, internal clocks, and receptor tyrosine kinases modulate these cellular processes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the critical role of mechanotransduction in cellular morphology determination.
  • To highlight the importance of microenvironmental sensing in cell state decisions and tissue homeostasis.
  • To underscore the link between aberrant extracellular matrix mechanosensing and various human diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing patterned substrates and controlled environments with defined rigidities to study cell behavior.
  • Investigating the recently defined rigidity sensing process as a model for microenvironmental testing.
  • Analyzing the correlation between extracellular matrix mechanosensing and tissue morphology/composition.

Main Results:

  • Cell morphology is dynamically determined by the microenvironment through periodic activation of cellular functions.
  • Rigidity sensing is a key process by which cells repeatedly test their surroundings, with implications for cancer.
  • Aberrant extracellular matrix mechanosensing is linked to cardiovascular disease, aging, and fibrosis.

Conclusions:

  • Detailed understanding of microenvironmental sensing and response is essential for comprehending tissue homeostasis.
  • Elucidating these mechanisms is vital for understanding the pathomechanisms of human diseases associated with altered morphology.
  • Further research into mechanotransduction pathways can provide insights into disease prevention and treatment.