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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Isolation of Functional Cardiac Immune Cells

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Published on: December 5, 2011

Heightened Immune System Function in Polar Bears Using Terrestrial Habitats.

John P Whiteman, Henry J Harlow, George M Durner

Physiological and Biochemical Zoology : PBZ

|November 8, 2018

Summary

Polar bears spending more time on land due to melting sea ice show increased signs of infection. This suggests climate change may heighten disease risk for these Arctic animals.

Keywords:

adaptive immune response energy balance hematology innate immune response

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Area of Science:

Arctic ecology
Wildlife health
Climate change impacts

Background:

Climate change is altering species distribution and pathogen ranges.
Melting Arctic sea ice forces polar bears (Ursus maritimus) ashore, increasing exposure to novel pathogens.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare immune system activity in polar bears on land versus sea ice.
To investigate the relationship between immune response type and body condition.

Main Methods:

Blood samples were analyzed for white blood cell counts and other immune indicators.
Immune responses were assessed in relation to polar bear body condition.

Main Results:

Polar bears on shore had higher white blood cell, neutrophil, and monocyte counts, indicating more infections.
Immune responses were linked to body condition, but neither innate nor adaptive immunity appeared uniquely energy-limited.

Conclusions:

Polar bears on land may face increased infection risk as sea ice diminishes.
Continued health monitoring and research on disease consequences are recommended for polar bear populations.