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Related Concept Videos

Arteries of the Head and Neck01:26

Arteries of the Head and Neck

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The human body's intricate network of arteries ensures that every organ system receives the necessary oxygen and nutrients for optimal function. The arterial network in the head and neck region is particularly complex, providing vital blood flow to the brain, eyes, and other critical structures. Prominent arteries in this region include the internal carotid arteries and the vertebral arteries.
The internal carotid arteries supply blood to the anterior portion of the cerebrum. They enter the...
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Veins of Head and Neck01:19

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The blood drainage from the head and neck is primarily managed by three pairs of veins: the external jugular, internal jugular, and vertebral veins. The external jugular veins drain superficial scalp and face structures, passing over the sternocleidomastoid muscles to empty into the subclavian veins.
On the other hand, the vertebral veins, unlike their arterial counterparts, are not primarily responsible for brain drainage. Instead, they drain the cervical vertebrae, spinal cord, and some small...
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Muscles of the Anterior Neck01:26

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The anterior neck muscles are the group of muscles covering the front part of the neck. These muscles are classified into three subgroups. The first one is the superficial muscles, the most visible muscles in the front of the neck. It includes the platysma and sternocleidomastoid. The second group is the suprahyoid muscles, located above the hyoid bone. This group comprises the digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid, and stylohyoid. Lastly, the infrahyoid muscles are found below the hyoid bone and...
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Muscles that Move the Head01:19

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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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DC Generator01:19

DC Generator

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An alternator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy that varies sinusoidally, resulting in AC current. Meanwhile, a DC generator converts mechanical energy into electrical energy, which are DC pulses with the same polarity. The construction of a DC generator is similar to that of an alternator, except that the pair of slip rings is replaced by a single split ring, also called a commutator. The commutator functions like a periodic rotary switch; it changes the contacts with the...
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Next-generation Sequencing03:00

Next-generation Sequencing

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The first human genome sequencing project cost $2.7 billion and was declared complete in 2003, after 15 years of international cooperation and collaboration between several research teams and funding agencies. Today, with the advent of next-generation sequencing technologies, the cost and time of sequencing a human genome have dropped over 100 fold.
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Although all next-generation methods use different technologies, they all share a set of standard features....
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Orthopedic Robot-Assisted Femoral Neck System in the Treatment of Femoral Neck Fracture
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Next-Generation Robotic Head and Neck Surgery.

Ryan K Orosco1, Asit Arora2, Jean Pierre Jeannon2

  • 1Division of Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA.

ORL; Journal for Oto-Rhino-Laryngology and Its Related Specialties
|November 8, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

New flexible robotic surgical systems enhance head and neck cancer surgery. A single-port (Sp) system shows promise for precise dissections in preclinical studies, improving patient outcomes.

Keywords:
Head and neck surgeryRobotic surgeryTransoral approach

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Area of Science:

  • Minimally Invasive Surgery
  • Robotic Surgery
  • Head and Neck Surgery

Background:

  • Transoral robotic surgery (TORS) has advanced head and neck surgery since 2005.
  • Current innovations focus on optimizing patient outcomes, preserving function, and reducing morbidity.
  • The next generation of flexible robotic surgical systems is emerging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the feasibility and potential benefits of a new single-port (Sp) robotic surgical system.
  • To compare the Sp system with existing platforms for head and neck procedures.
  • To explore advancements in robotic surgery for head and neck cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Preclinical feasibility studies using human cadaver and porcine models.
  • Evaluation of a new single-port robotic architecture with articulating instruments and a 3D HD camera.
  • Comparison with existing robotic systems like the Flex® system and assessment of the Cambridge Medical Robotics Versius system.

Main Results:

  • The Sp robotic system demonstrated improved application for oropharyngeal and nasopharyngeal resection in preclinical models.
  • The 3-handed manipulation allows for precise tissue dissection with traction and countertraction.
  • The single-port design enhances access and maneuverability for surgical assistants.

Conclusions:

  • New flexible robotic systems, including the single-port architecture, represent a significant advancement in head and neck surgery.
  • These systems offer greater agility and precision, expanding the possibilities of minimally invasive procedures.
  • Further clinical evaluation is warranted to confirm the benefits of these novel robotic platforms.