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Related Concept Videos

Concentration Cells02:41

Concentration Cells

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A concentration cell is a type of a  voltaic cell constructed by connecting two almost identical half-cells, both based on the same half-reaction and using the same electrode, differing only in the concentration of one redox species. A concentration cell's potential, therefore, is determined only by the concentration difference of the particular redox species.
Consider the following voltaic cell:
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Concentration and Rate Law03:03

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The rate of a reaction is affected by the concentrations of reactants. Rate laws (differential rate laws) or rate equations are mathematical expressions describing the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants.
For example, in a generic reaction aA + bB ⟶ products, where a and b are stoichiometric coefficients, the rate law can be written as:
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Solution Concentration and Dilution02:59

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The relative amount of a given solution component is known as its concentration. Often, though not always, a solution contains one component with a concentration that is significantly greater than that of all other components. This component is called the solvent and may be viewed as the medium in which the other components are dispersed or dissolved. Solutions in which water is the solvent are, of course, very common on our planet. A solution in which water is the solvent is called an aqueous...
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Stress Concentrations01:13

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The concept of stress concentration is crucial for understanding how materials respond under bending stresses, particularly when there are irregularities or discontinuities in the material's geometry. Normally, stress in a symmetric member subjected to pure bending is assumed to be uniformly distributed across the entire cross-section. However, this assumption does not hold when there are variations in the cross-sectional geometry or the presence of notches and holes.
The stress...
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Stress Concentrations01:24

Stress Concentrations

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Stress concentration is when stress intensifies near discontinuities such as holes or abrupt cross-sectional changes in a structural member. This localized stress can often surpass the average stress within the member. The stress distribution in flat bars, either with a circular hole or varying widths connected by fillets, can be determined experimentally using a photoelastic method. The results are based on ratios of geometric parameters like the ratio of the hole's radius to the smaller...
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Calculating Equilibrium Concentrations02:05

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Being able to calculate equilibrium concentrations is essential to many areas of science and technology—for example, in the formulation and dosing of pharmaceutical products. After a drug is ingested or injected, it is typically involved in several chemical equilibria that affect its ultimate concentration in the body system of interest. Knowledge of the quantitative aspects of these equilibria is required to compute a dosage amount that will solicit the desired therapeutic effect.
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone
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Merging Ion Concentration Polarization between Juxtaposed Ion Exchange Membranes to Block the Propagation of the Polarization Zone

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Microfluidic Paper-Based Sample Concentration Using Ion Concentration Polarization with Smartphone Detection.

Xue Li1, Yanan Niu2, Yunyi Chen3

  • 1Institute of Microfluidic Chip Development in Biomedical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Organic-Inorganic Composites, College of Information Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China. 2015210307@grad.buct.edu.cn.

Micromachines
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel microfluidic paper-based device uses ion concentration polarization (ICP) for sample concentration. Smartphone detection enables real-time monitoring and quantitative analysis, ideal for resource-limited point-of-care testing.

Keywords:
Nafion coatingion concentration polarization (ICP)paper-based microfluidicspoint-of-care testsample concentrationsmartphone

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Area of Science:

  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Microfluidics
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Point-of-care testing (POCT) requires sensitive and portable analytical devices.
  • Existing methods for sample concentration can be complex and costly.
  • Microfluidic paper-based analytical devices (µPADs) offer a low-cost, disposable platform for diagnostics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, low-cost microfluidic paper-based device for sample concentration using ion concentration polarization (ICP).
  • To integrate smartphone-based detection for real-time monitoring and quantitative analysis.
  • To evaluate the device's performance for potential application in resource-poor settings.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a microfluidic paper-based ICP analytical device using a simple lamination method.
  • Real-time monitoring of sample concentration via smartphone camera and fluorescence imaging.
  • Development of a custom image processing algorithm for quantitative fluorescence signal analysis.
  • Evaluation and comparison of two Nafion coating methods.

Main Results:

  • Successful demonstration of sample concentration using the developed ICP device.
  • Significant concentration enhancement observed for fluorescence dye samples.
  • Real-time monitoring and quantitative analysis achieved using smartphone detection.
  • Optimization of device characteristics for improved performance.

Conclusions:

  • The developed microfluidic paper-based ICP device offers a simple, low-cost, and effective solution for sample concentration.
  • Smartphone integration enables accessible and quantitative detection.
  • This platform holds significant potential for point-of-care testing in resource-limited environments.