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AC Electrokinetic Phenomena Generated by Microelectrode Structures
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Electrokinetic Phenomena in Pencil Lead-Based Microfluidics.

Yashar Bashirzadeh1, Venkat Maruthamuthu2, Shizhi Qian3

  • 1Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA. ybash001@odu.edu.

Micromachines
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces low-cost graphite pencil leads as 3D electrodes for microfluidic devices. These electrodes efficiently generate electrokinetic phenomena like ACEO, ICEO, and DEP for fluid manipulation.

Keywords:
3D electrodealternating current electroosmosis (ACEO)dielectrophoresis (DEP)induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO)

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Area of Science:

  • Microfluidics
  • Electrokinetics
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Fabricating microchannels and electrodes for electrokinetic phenomena is often expensive and complex.
  • Existing methods require costly materials and significant technical effort.
  • There is a need for affordable and accessible microfluidic fabrication techniques.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of graphite pencil leads as low-cost, disposable 3D electrodes for microfluidic devices.
  • To demonstrate various electrokinetic phenomena using these novel electrodes.
  • To establish an affordable and easy method for fabricating microfluidic devices with embedded electrodes.

Main Methods:

  • Microchannels were fabricated using a graphite rod as a mold.
  • Graphite pencil leads were used as disposable 3D electrodes along the microchannel walls.
  • Electrokinetic phenomena (ACEO, ICEO, DEP) were generated and characterized.
  • Micro-particle image velocimetry (micro-PIV) and microscopy imaging were employed for characterization.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated efficient alternating current electroosmosis (ACEO), induced-charge electroosmosis (ICEO), and dielectrophoresis (DEP) using pencil-lead electrodes.
  • Micro-particle image velocimetry confirmed the efficiency of the generated electrokinetic flows.
  • Microscopy imaging provided visual evidence of particle manipulation via DEP.

Conclusions:

  • Graphite pencil leads serve as an affordable and effective material for fabricating 3D electrodes in microfluidic devices.
  • This technique offers a simple and low-cost approach for creating microfluidic systems for electrokinetic fluid and particle manipulation.
  • The pencil-lead electrode method significantly reduces the cost and complexity associated with microfluidic device fabrication.