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The Need-Relevant Instructor Behaviors Scale: Development and Initial Validation.

Eleanor Quested1, Nikos Ntoumanis1, Andreas Stenling2

  • 11 Curtin University.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The Need-Relevant Instructor Behaviors Scale (NIBS) is a new tool to measure how exercise instructors support or neglect autonomy, competence, and relatedness. It shows effectiveness in assessing instructor behaviors and changes after training.

Keywords:
exercisemotivationneed supportneed thwartingobservationself-determination theory

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Area of Science:

  • Sport and Exercise Psychology
  • Behavioral Science
  • Motivational Psychology

Background:

  • Self-determination theory (SDT) is a prominent framework explaining motivation.
  • Understanding instructor behaviors that support or hinder psychological needs is crucial in physical activity settings.
  • Existing tools may not comprehensively capture the multifaceted nature of instructor behaviors related to SDT needs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Need-Relevant Instructor Behaviors Scale (NIBS).
  • To create the first observation tool specifically designed to code the frequency and intensity of autonomy-, competence-, and relatedness-relevant behaviors in exercise instructors.
  • To also capture the frequency of need-indifferent behaviors exhibited by instructors.

Main Methods:

  • The study involved 27 exercise instructors whose behaviors were observed and coded by trained raters.
  • Observations were conducted on two separate occasions: pre-training and post-training in adaptive motivational communication.
  • The NIBS was used as the primary instrument for coding instructor behaviors.

Main Results:

  • The findings provided strong support for the structural validity and reliability of the NIBS.
  • The scale demonstrated sensitivity in detecting changes in both the frequency and intensity of need-relevant instructor behaviors.
  • Results indicated that the training intervention likely influenced instructor behaviors.

Conclusions:

  • The NIBS is a novel and valuable tool for assessing leader behaviors in the physical activity domain.
  • It offers a unique, tripartite assessment of need-relevant behaviors, aligning with self-determination theory.
  • The scale's validated psychometric properties and sensitivity make it suitable for research and practical applications in exercise settings.