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Effect of Visual Information on Active Touch During Mirror Visual Feedback.

Narumi Katsuyama1,2, Eriko Kikuchi-Tachi1,2, Nobuo Usui1,2

  • 1Department of Cognitive Neurobiology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan.

Frontiers in Human Neuroscience
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Visual information influences active touch perception, similar to passive touch. Observing a mirrored hand during synchronous touch alters perceived hardness, demonstrating visual modulation of tactile sensation.

Keywords:
active touchhand ownershiphardness perceptionmagnitude estimationmirror visual feedbackmultimodal integrationvisual capture

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychology
  • Somatosensory research

Background:

  • The rubber hand illusion (RHI) and mirror visual feedback (MVF) demonstrate that visual input can create a sense of ownership over a fake hand.
  • Tactile perception is known to be modulated by visual information during these illusions, particularly under passive stimulation.
  • Active touch, more common in daily life, has been less explored in the context of visual modulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether active touch perception, specifically hardness estimation, is modulated by visual information during a mirror visual feedback (MVF) scenario.
  • To determine if synchronous or asynchronous active touch influences the degree of visual modulation on tactile perception.
  • To explore the relationship between perceived hardness, hand ownership, and visual feedback during active touch.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty-three participants performed synchronous active touch on a polyurethane pad with both hands while observing a mirror reflection.
  • Participants estimated the hardness of the pad under varying visual feedback conditions (softer/harder mirrored pad).
  • Control conditions included asynchronous touch and eyes-closed conditions to assess the necessity of synchronous visual-tactile input.

Main Results:

  • Perceived hardness estimates were significantly biased towards the visual properties of the mirrored pad, even when the physical hardness remained constant.
  • A strong correlation was found between perceived hardness and the finger displacement of the mirrored hand, not the hidden hand.
  • The modulatory effect on perceived hardness and hand ownership diminished with asynchronous touch or when eyes were closed.

Conclusions:

  • Active touch, like passive touch, is significantly modulated by visual input during mirror visual feedback.
  • Synchronous visual-tactile stimulation is crucial for experiencing hand ownership and for the visual modulation of active touch perception.
  • These findings highlight the integration of visual and proprioceptive information in shaping our tactile experiences and body representation.