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Early Introduction of cART Reverses Brain Aging Pattern in Well-Controlled HIV Infection: A Comparative MR
Jasmina M Boban1,2, Dusko B Kozic1,2, Snezana V Brkic1,3
1Faculty of Medicine, University of Novi Sad, Novi Sad, Serbia.
Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience
|November 9, 2018
Summary
Brain aging in HIV-positive individuals on combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) shows accentuated changes, with initial neuronal damage followed by recovery. Long-term cART helps normalize brain aging markers in older HIV patients.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Neurology
- Virology
Background:
- Chronic HIV infection can affect brain aging.
- Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) is standard for managing HIV.
- Understanding age-related brain changes in HIV patients on cART is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare age-related brain changes in HIV-positive patients on cART with healthy controls.
- To investigate the impact of cART duration on brain aging markers.
Main Methods:
- Multi-voxel magnetic-resonance spectroscopy (MRS) was used to analyze brain metabolites.
- N-acetyl-aspartate (NAA)/creatine (Cr) ratios were measured in the supracallosal gray matter.
- Statistical analyses included ANCOVA and Pearson's correlation.
Main Results:
- Younger HIV patients (20-29) showed decreased NAA/Cr ratios compared to controls.
- Older HIV patients (50-59) had significantly lower NAA/Cr ratios in fewer locations.
- Positive correlations between NAA/Cr levels and cART duration were observed in older HIV patients.
Conclusions:
- Brain aging in HIV patients on cART is accentuated, not accelerated.
- Initial HIV infection causes neuronal damage, indicated by reduced NAA/Cr.
- Long-standing cART leads to a continuous increase in NAA/Cr, normalizing brain aging markers.
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