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Development and Validation of the Chinese Modesty Scale (CMS).

Mimi Xiong1,2, Fengyan Wang1,2, Ruixue Cai3

  • 1Institute of Moral Education, Nanjing Normal University, Nanjing, China.

Frontiers in Psychology
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study developed the Chinese Modesty Scale (CMS) to measure value and instrumental modesty. The validated CMS accurately assesses distinct types of modesty across various age groups.

Keywords:
Chineseinstrumental modestymodestyscale developmentvalue modesty

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Cross-cultural studies
  • Social sciences

Background:

  • Modesty is a complex cultural construct.
  • Existing scales may not capture nuances of modesty in Chinese culture.
  • Wang's dualistic model provides a framework for understanding modesty.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate the Chinese Modesty Scale (CMS).
  • To empirically test Wang's dualistic model of modesty in a Chinese context.
  • To provide a reliable instrument for measuring Chinese modesty.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review, interviews, and expert feedback for initial scale development.
  • Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) on a sample of 406 participants.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on an independent sample of 662 participants to validate the scale structure.

Main Results:

  • The initial 14-item scale was refined to a 12-item Chinese Modesty Scale (CMS).
  • Exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses supported a dualistic structure.
  • Results confirmed two distinct dimensions: value modesty and instrumental modesty.

Conclusions:

  • The Chinese Modesty Scale (CMS) is a valid and reliable instrument.
  • The CMS effectively measures the two proposed dimensions of Chinese modesty.
  • The scale can be utilized across different age groups to assess modesty levels.