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Related Concept Videos

Complement System01:27

Complement System

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The complement system is a group of approximately 20 plasma proteins that strengthen the body's defenses against infections through opsonization, inflammation, and cell lysis. Opsonization involves coating pathogens with complement proteins, making them more recognizable and facilitating phagocyte engulfment. Certain complement proteins induce inflammation that attracts immune cells to the site of infection. Cell lysis involves the destruction of pathogens through the formation of a...
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Complementation Tests00:49

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A complementation test is a simple cross to identify whether the two mutations are located on the same gene or different genes. It was first performed by Edward Lewis in the 1940s while working on fruit flies. He developed the test to identify the location and arrangement of different mutations on chromosomes.
Organisms heterozygous for different mutations are crossed pairwise in all combinations. If present on different genes, the mutations can complement each other by providing the missing...
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Components of Stress01:23

Components of Stress

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Stress analysis under multiple loading conditions is intricate, necessitating a comprehensive grasp of normal and shearing stresses. Consider a small cube at point O, subjected to stress on all six faces, visible or not. Normal stress components σx, σy, σz act perpendicularly to the x, y, and z axes. Shearing stress components τxy and τxz are exerted on faces perpendicular to these axes.
Interestingly, the hidden cube faces also experience these stresses, equal and...
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Components of Language01:24

Components of Language

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

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Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion
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Evaluation of the Interplay Between the Complement Protein C1q and Hyaluronic Acid in Promoting Cell Adhesion

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Complement Component C1q as Serum Biomarker to Detect Active Tuberculosis.

Rosalie Lubbers1, Jayne S Sutherland2, Delia Goletti3

  • 1Department of Rheumatology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands.

Frontiers in Immunology
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Complement C1q protein levels are elevated in active tuberculosis (TB) patients compared to latent infection. This finding suggests C1q as a potential biomarker for diagnosing active TB, aiding in differentiating it from other lung diseases.

Keywords:
C1qbloodcomplementinfectioninnate immunitymycobacteriumtuberculosis

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Biomarker Discovery

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) diagnosis lacks specific biomarkers to distinguish active disease from latent infection or other lung conditions.
  • Gene expression studies indicated higher levels of complement C1q chains in active TB compared to latent TB infection (LTBI).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate serum C1q protein levels as a potential biomarker for active TB diagnosis.
  • To assess if C1q levels can differentiate active TB from LTBI and other diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was used to measure C1q protein levels in serum samples.
  • Samples were collected from patients with active TB, LTBI, and disease controls across four independent cohorts.
  • C1q levels were also analyzed in non-human primates (NHP) experimentally infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis.

Main Results:

  • Serum C1q levels were significantly higher in active TB patients compared to LTBI patients (AUC 0.77).
  • C1q levels decreased to resemble endemic controls after TB treatment, indicating disease association.
  • Elevated C1q levels in TB patients were observed compared to those with sarcoidosis, pneumonia, or leprosy, and in NHPs with progressive TB.

Conclusions:

  • Serum C1q is a promising biomarker for active TB diagnosis, differentiating it from LTBI and other clinical conditions.
  • C1q's elevated levels in active TB, including in experimental models, support its role in disease progression.
  • Incorporating C1q into biomarker panels could enhance active TB diagnostic accuracy.