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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...
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Synthesis of Bimetallic Pt/Sn-based Nanoparticles in Ionic Liquids
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Shape-based separation of micro-/nanoparticles in liquid phases.

Behrouz Behdani1, Saman Monjezi1, Mason J Carey1

  • 1Chemical and Biochemical Engineering Department, Missouri University of Science and Technology, Rolla, Missouri 65409, USA.

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|November 9, 2018
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Summary

Separating micro- and nanoparticles by shape is crucial but underexplored. This review covers methods for shape-based particle separation, advancing material science and nanotechnology.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Separation Science

Background:

  • Producing particles with specific shapes requires separating them from mixtures of similar volumes.
  • Existing size-based separation methods are abundant, but shape-based methods are less developed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current shape-based separation techniques for rigid micro- and nanoparticles in liquid phases.
  • To categorize separation mechanisms based on surface interactions or size-based extensions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of techniques including size exclusion chromatography, field flow fractionation, deterministic lateral displacement, inertial focusing, electrophoresis, magnetophoresis, self-assembly precipitation, and centrifugation.
  • Classification of separation mechanisms into surface interaction changes or size-based separation extensions.
  • Analysis of geometric restrictions and shape-dependent transport properties.

Main Results:

  • Identified and categorized various state-of-the-art shape-based separation methods.
  • Distinguished between separation driven by surface interactions and those leveraging geometric or transport properties.
  • Highlighted the under-exploration of shape-based separation compared to size-based methods.

Conclusions:

  • Shape-based separation of micro-/nanoparticles is a critical but underdeveloped area.
  • Various physical principles can be harnessed for effective shape-based separation.
  • Further research into shape-based separation is essential for advancing particle production and material science.