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Genetic Predisposition to Infectious Disease.

Nikolai Klebanov1

  • 1Dermatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.

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Host genetics significantly influence infectious disease susceptibility, moving beyond pathogen-centered models. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) reveal immune variations, particularly in the major histocompatibility complex (MHC), impacting disease risk.

Keywords:
creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd)denguegeneticsgwashepatitis bhepatitis cmalarianorovirussnp

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Immunology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Traditional infectious disease management focuses on pathogens, overlooking host genetic contributions.
  • Host genetics play a crucial role in determining individual susceptibility and disease burden.
  • Advancements in bioinformatics and genome-wide association studies (GWAS) enable high-throughput genetic analysis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the host model of infectious diseases, emphasizing genetic variations in predisposition.
  • To highlight findings from twin studies and specific genetic links to diseases like malaria, HIV, and CJD.
  • To discuss the impact of modern GWAS on understanding host genetic susceptibility, particularly MHC variations.

Main Methods:

  • Review of observational twin-twin concordance studies for infectious diseases.
  • Analysis of established genetic links to specific infectious diseases (malaria, CJD, HIV, Norwalk virus).
  • Discussion of findings from genome-wide association studies (GWAS).

Main Results:

  • Twin studies confirm the significant role of host genetics in diseases like poliomyelitis, tuberculosis, and hepatitis.
  • Specific genetic variations are linked to predisposition to malaria, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease (CJD), HIV, and Norwalk virus.
  • GWAS studies indicate substantial contributions of immune variations within the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) to infectious disease susceptibility.

Conclusions:

  • Host genetics are a critical factor in infectious disease susceptibility, complementing pathogen-focused approaches.
  • Modern genomic studies, especially GWAS, are crucial for identifying genetic variations influencing immune responses to pathogens.
  • Future research may enable personalized genomic strategies for infectious disease prevention and treatment.