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Related Concept Videos

Filtration and Urine Formation01:32

Filtration and Urine Formation

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The function of the kidneys is to filter, reabsorb, secrete, and excrete. Every day the kidneys filter nearly 180 liters of blood, initially removing water and solutes but ultimately returning nearly all filtrates into circulation with the help of osmoregulatory hormones. This process removes wastes and toxins but is also crucial to maintain water and electrolyte levels. Most of these functions are performed by the tiny but numerous nephrons contained within the kidneys.
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Lewis Acids and Bases02:33

Lewis Acids and Bases

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In 1923, G. N. Lewis proposed a generalized definition of acid-base behavior in which acids and bases are identified by their ability to accept or to donate a pair of electrons and form a coordinate covalent bond.
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Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

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Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
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Acids, Bases and Neutralization Reactions03:26

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An acid-base reaction is one in which a hydrogen ion, H+, is transferred from one chemical species to another. Such reactions are of central importance to numerous natural and technological processes, ranging from the chemical transformations within cells or lakes and oceans to the industrial-scale production of fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and other substances essential to the society.
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Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases02:58

Bronsted-Lowry Acids and Bases

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The acid-base reaction class has been studied for quite some time. In 1680, Robert Boyle reported traits of acid solutions that included their ability to dissolve many substances, to change the colors of certain natural dyes, and to lose these traits after coming in contact with alkali (base) solutions. In the eighteenth century, it was recognized that acids have a sour taste, react with limestone to liberate a gaseous substance (now known to be CO2), and interact with alkalis to form neutral...
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Acid-Base Titration Curves02:23

Acid-Base Titration Curves

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A titration curve is a plot of some solution property versus the amount of added titrant. For acid-base titrations, solution pH is a useful property to monitor because it varies predictably with the solution composition and, therefore, may be used to monitor the titration’s progress and detect its endpoint. Acid-base titration can be performed with a strong acid and a strong base, a strong acid and a weak base, or a strong base and a weak acid.
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Design to Implementation Study for Development and Patient Validation of Paper-Based Toehold Switch Diagnostics
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Developing Paper Based Diagnostic Technique to Detect Uric Acid in Urine.

Md Nazibul Islam1, Isteaque Ahmed1, Muzahidul Islam Anik1

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.

Frontiers in Chemistry
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

A new paper-based diagnostic device offers a simple, low-cost method for detecting uric acid in urine. This innovation provides a user-friendly alternative for monitoring kidney health without complex lab equipment.

Keywords:
colorimetric detectionpaper diagnosticsreaction kineticsrenal dysfunctionuric acid

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Analytical Chemistry
  • Point-of-Care Diagnostics

Background:

  • Urinary uric acid levels are key indicators of chronic kidney disease and renal dysfunction.
  • Current detection methods rely on sophisticated laboratory instrumentation, limiting accessibility.
  • A need exists for rapid, cost-effective, and user-friendly diagnostic tools for renal complications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a simple, low-cost, paper-based diagnostic device (PAD) for detecting uric acid in urine.
  • To establish a colorimetric detection technique for both qualitative and quantitative analysis.
  • To explore the integration of this PAD with digital platforms for enhanced diagnostics.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a colorimetric detection technique utilizing Prussian blue color formation on paper.
  • Studied reaction kinetics and the effect of temperature on color development.
  • Created a calibration curve for quantitative uric acid detection.
  • Utilized MATLAB coding for image processing and digital diagnostics via smartphone integration.

Main Results:

  • Successfully developed a paper-based diagnostic for uric acid detection.
  • Demonstrated a colorimetric response proportional to uric acid concentration.
  • Validated the use of digital image processing for quantitative analysis.
  • Showcased the device's potential for rapid and economical urinary uric acid estimation.

Conclusions:

  • The paper-based diagnostic device offers a promising, user-friendly, and cost-effective alternative to traditional methods.
  • Integration with smartphone technology enables digital diagnostics for improved accessibility.
  • This technique holds potential for widespread application in monitoring renal health and complications.