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Miniature Elastomeric Valve Design for Safe Direct Current Stimulator.

Chaojun Cheng1, Raviraj Thakur2, Ankitha Rajagopalan Nair3

  • 1Mechanical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, USA.

IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference : Healthcare Technology : [Proceedings]. IEEE Biomedical Circuits and Systems Conference
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed miniature PDMS valves for safe neural stimulation. These valves enable ionic direct current (iDC) stimulation, offering both excitation and inhibition of neural activity for potential neural prostheses.

Keywords:
PDMSionic direct currentmicrofluidic valveneural inhibitionshape memory alloy

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Neurotechnology
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Commercial neural implants rely on charge-balanced biphasic pulses for neuronal interaction via metal electrodes, which are limited in inhibiting neural activity.
  • Direct current (DC) can both excite and inhibit neurons but causes toxic electrochemical reactions at metal electrodes.
  • Safe Direct Current Stimulator (SDCS) technology was introduced to overcome these limitations, enabling safe neuronal excitation and inhibition.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop miniature elastomeric valves for an implantable Safe Direct Current Stimulator (SDCS).
  • To enable the transformation of SDCS technology from a benchtop design to a practical neural prosthesis.
  • To create valves actuated by shape memory alloy (SMA) for precise control of ionic direct current (iDC).

Main Methods:

  • Design and fabrication of poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) based elastomeric valves, specifically squeeze valves (SV) and plunger valves (PV).
  • Integration of these valves into a system capable of generating ionic direct current (iDC) from biphasic input signals.
  • Actuation of the valves using shape memory alloy (SMA) wires for controlled fluidic control.

Main Results:

  • Successful development of miniature PDMS-based elastomeric squeeze valves (SV) and plunger valves (PV).
  • Demonstration of valve actuation using shape memory alloy (SMA) wires.
  • These valves are key components for realizing an implantable SDCS capable of safe neural stimulation.

Conclusions:

  • The developed PDMS elastomeric valves are critical for miniaturizing SDCS technology for neural prostheses.
  • Shape memory alloy actuation provides a viable method for controlling the ionic direct current (iDC) generation.
  • This advancement paves the way for safer and more effective neural stimulation therapies, offering both excitation and inhibition.