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Throughout its ~4.5 billion year history, the Earth has experienced periods of warming and cooling. However, the current drastic increase in global temperatures is well outside of the Earth’s cyclic norms, and evidence for human-caused global climate change is compelling. Paleoclimatology, the study of ancient climate conditions, provides ample evidence for human-caused global climate change by comparing recent conditions with those in the past.
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Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils
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Compositional response of Amazon forests to climate change.

Adriane Esquivel-Muelbert1, Timothy R Baker1, Kyle G Dexter2,3

  • 1School of Geography, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK.

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|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Tropical forests are experiencing shifts in tree composition due to climate change. While large trees are increasing, changes in wood density and water-affiliation are slow, indicating lagging biodiversity responses to climate change.

Keywords:
bioclimatic nichesclimate changecompositional shiftsfunctional traitstemporal trendstropical forests

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Area of Science:

  • Ecology
  • Climate Change Biology
  • Tropical Botany

Background:

  • Tropical regions harbor immense biodiversity and are experiencing rapid climate change.
  • Climate-induced biodiversity shifts are well-documented globally but understudied in lowland tropical ecosystems.
  • Long-term data is crucial for understanding subtle, long-term ecological changes in these sensitive environments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate changes in floristic and functional composition of intact lowland Amazonian forests over 30 years.
  • To assess the impact of climate change drivers, such as increased moisture stress and atmospheric CO2, on tree communities.
  • To analyze shifts in tree traits like maximum size, water-deficit affiliation, and wood density.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 106 long-term forest inventory plots spanning three decades.
  • Evaluation of three key tree traits: maximum tree size, biogeographic water-deficit affiliation, and wood density.
  • Comparison of compositional dynamics (recruits and mortality) with observed climate changes, particularly dry season intensification.

Main Results:

  • Tree communities show an increasing dominance of large-statured species.
  • No significant change in mean wood density or water-deficit affiliation at the community level was detected.
  • Dry-affiliated genera are becoming more abundant among new recruits, and wet-affiliated genera show increased mortality in plots with intensified dry seasons.

Conclusions:

  • A gradual shift towards a more dry-affiliated Amazonian forest composition is occurring.
  • Changes in recruitment and mortality dynamics are consistent with climate change drivers.
  • The long generation times of tropical trees result in a lag between climate change impacts and observable shifts in overall forest composition.