Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026

06:53
Additive Manufacturing of Functionally Graded Ceramic Materials by Stereolithography
Published on: January 25, 2019
15.1K
Shade Stability of Polymer Infiltrated and Resin Nano Ceramic Crowns after Dynamic Chewing Simulation
1University of Leipzig.
The European Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry
|November 9, 2018
Summary
VITA Enamic crowns exhibit superior shade stability compared to Lava Ultimate crowns. Chewing simulation significantly impacts Lava Ultimate
Area of Science:
- Dental Materials Science
- Restorative Dentistry
- Biomaterials
Background:
- Dental restorations require excellent shade stability to maintain aesthetic outcomes.
- Polymer-infiltrated ceramics and resin nano ceramics are commonly used for crowns, but their long-term color stability under oral conditions is crucial.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate and compare the shade stability of VITA Enamic (VE) and Lava Ultimate (LU) crowns.
- To evaluate the effect of artificial aging, specifically dynamic chewing simulation with thermocycling, on the color stability of these dental materials.
Main Methods:
- Forty crowns of VITA Enamic (VE) and 40 of Lava Ultimate (LU) were fabricated.
- Half of each material underwent dynamic chewing simulation (CS) with thermocycling.
- Crowns were exposed to common staining solutions (e.g., red wine, coffee), and shade was measured spectrophotometrically before and after aging.
Main Results:
- Occlusal staining (ΔE values) was highest for Lava Ultimate with chewing simulation (LU/CS: 7.99).
- VITA Enamic (VE) demonstrated better overall shade stability, with lower total sum scores (SSCtotal(VE): 20.0) compared to Lava Ultimate (SSCtotal(LU): 24.0).
- Significant shade differences were observed for VE/CS and LU/CS groups when exposed to red wine, and LU/CS showed more staining from coffee.
Conclusions:
- VITA Enamic crowns possess superior shade stability compared to Lava Ultimate crowns.
- The chewing simulation significantly affects the shade stability of Lava Ultimate restorations.
- Material choice and simulation of oral conditions are critical factors influencing the long-term aesthetics of dental crowns.
Keywords:
Accelerated Artificial AgingLava UltimatePolymer-Infiltrated CeramicResin Nano-CeramicShade StabilityVita EnamicMore Related Videos
08:29Multi-material Ceramic-Based Components – Additive Manufacturing of Black-and-white Zirconia Components by Thermoplastic 3D-Printing (CerAM - T3DP)
Published on: January 7, 2019
11.8K
16:24Controlling the Size, Shape and Stability of Supramolecular Polymers in Water
Published on: August 2, 2012
19.3K
Related Concept Videos
Crown Ethers
6.1K
Crown ethers are cyclic polyethers that contain multiple oxygen atoms, usually arranged in a regular pattern. The first crown ether was synthesized by Charles Pederson while working at DuPont in 1967. For this work, Pedersen was co-awarded the 1987 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. Crown ethers are named using the formula x-crown-y, where x is the total number of atoms in the ring and y is the number of ether oxygen atoms. The term 'crown' refers to the crown-like shape that these ether molecules...
6.1K
Polymers
40.9K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
40.9K
Polymers
23.3K
23.3K
Nuclear Stability
23.3K
Protons and neutrons, collectively called nucleons, are packed together tightly in a nucleus. With a radius of about 10−15 meters, a nucleus is quite small compared to the radius of the entire atom, which is about 10−10 meters. Nuclei are extremely dense compared to bulk matter, averaging 1.8 × 1014 grams per cubic centimeter. If the earth’s density were equal to the average nuclear density, the earth’s radius would be only about 200 meters.
To hold positively charged protons together...
To hold positively charged protons together...
23.3K
RNA Stability
35.7K
Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
35.7K
Stability
418
The time response of a linear time-invariant (LTI) system can be divided into transient and steady-state responses. The transient response represents the system's initial reaction to a change in input and diminishes to zero over time. In contrast, the steady-state response is the behavior that persists after the transient effects have faded.
The stability of an LTI system is determined by the roots of its characteristic equation, known as poles. A system is stable if it produces a bounded...
The stability of an LTI system is determined by the roots of its characteristic equation, known as poles. A system is stable if it produces a bounded...
418