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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

A Melanoma Patient-Derived Xenograft Model
Published on: May 20, 2019
Factors associated with immunotherapy selection in patients with advanced melanoma
Richard W Joseph1, Alicia C Shillington2, Cynthia Macahilig3
1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA.
Aim:
To explore factors associated with pembrolizumab (PEMBRO) versus ipilimumab + nivolumab (IPI+NIVO) selection in advanced melanoma.
Materials & Methods:
Total of 12 academic and satellite clinics contributed to this study. Descriptive and logistic regression analyses were conducted to explore associations between clinical characteristics and treatment choice. Results: Total of 400 patients were included: 200 PEMBRO and 200 IPI+NIVO. Patients were significantly more likely to receive PEMBRO versus IPI+NIVO if they had poorer Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group score, 2-4 versus 0-1 (odds ratio [OR]: 6.6; 95% CI: 3.0-14.7), if they were PD-L1 positive (OR: 4.5; 95% CI: 1.9-10.4) or had BRAF wild-type tumor (OR: 2.2; 95% CI: 1.4-3.6).
Conclusion:
Patient factors are significantly associated with treatment selection in advanced melanoma. Outcomes comparisons should take this into consideration.
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Overview of Advanced Functional Groups
Functional groups are groups of atoms with specific chemical properties that occur within organic molecules and are sometimes denoted as “R”. Functional groups can “functionalize” a compound by enabling it to adopt different physical and chemical properties.
Types of Advanced Functional Groups
The table below summarizes some of the major functional groups in organic chemistry.
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