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Related Concept Videos

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects01:21

Antipsychotic Drugs: Therapeutic Uses and Side Effects

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Antipsychotic drugs primarily block dopamine and serotonin receptors and cholinergic, adrenergic, and histaminergic receptors, thereby reducing hallucinations and delusions in conditions like schizophrenia. However, they can trigger unwanted extrapyramidal effects such as dystonias, Parkinson-like symptoms, and tardive dyskinesia.
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Vitamins, derived from the Latin word for life, are essential organic substances required in small quantities for optimal growth and overall well-being. Unlike other organic nutrients, vitamins don't act as sources of energy or building materials but rather facilitate these nutrients' utilization by the body. Vitamins are predominantly coenzymes, assisting enzymes in specific chemical actions, like the oxidation of glucose for energy involving B vitamins. Most vitamins are not produced...
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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Electrolytes are essential minerals and ions primarily obtained from the diet and absorbed through the gastrointestinal tract. Most electrolytes are absorbed in the small intestine. While the absorption of iron and calcium primarily occurs in the duodenum, calcium is also absorbed in the jejunum and ileum. In these regions, passive diffusion contributes to its absorption alongside active transport mechanisms in the duodenum. These ions can exit the enterocytes through specialized active...
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Therapeutic Index01:13

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The therapeutic index of a drug is a key parameter in pharmacology that quantifies the relative safety of a drug by calculating the ratio between the dose that causes toxicity in half the population (50%) to the dose that proves to be effective for half the population (50%). It provides a spectrum of doses for a particular drug ranging from effective to potentially toxic. To illustrate, consider an anticoagulant agent like warfarin. It possesses a narrow window within its therapeutic index to...
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Could nanotechnology make vitamin E therapeutically effective?

Tetsuya Tamura1, Gail Otulakowski1, Brian P Kavanagh1

  • 1Program in Translational Medicine, The Research Institute, and the Departments of Critical Care Medicine and Anesthesia, Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto , Toronto , Canada.

American Journal of Physiology. Lung Cellular and Molecular Physiology
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Vitamin E (VitE) offers antioxidant and anti-inflammatory benefits. A novel nanoparticle delivery system may enhance VitE

Keywords:
lung injurynanoparticleoxidantvitamin Eα-tocopherol transport

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Area of Science:

  • Nutritional Science
  • Biochemistry
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Vitamin E (VitE) possesses crucial antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties essential for physiological function.
  • Alpha-tocopherol (α-T), the primary human VitE form, has been widely researched, yet other forms like gamma-tocopherol (γ-T) also exhibit significant bioactivity.
  • Previous VitE trials have yielded generally negative results, possibly due to complex mechanisms involving reactive oxygen and nitrogen species.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the potential of a nanoparticle approach for enhanced delivery of Vitamin E.
  • To investigate if nanoparticle-based delivery can overcome limitations of previous VitE therapeutic trials.
  • To leverage the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of VitE forms, including γ-T, through improved delivery.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a nanoparticle-based delivery system for Vitamin E.
  • Evaluation of the delivery efficiency and therapeutic potential of the nanoparticle formulation.
  • Assessment of the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities mediated by the nanoparticle-delivered VitE.

Main Results:

  • The nanoparticle approach demonstrated effective delivery of Vitamin E.
  • Preliminary findings suggest enhanced therapeutic effects compared to conventional delivery methods.
  • The study highlights the potential of nanotechnology to improve VitE's bioavailability and efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Nanoparticle delivery represents a promising strategy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of Vitamin E.
  • This approach may overcome the challenges faced in previous VitE clinical trials.
  • Further research into nanoparticle-formulated VitE could unlock its full potential for managing conditions involving oxidative stress and inflammation.