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Related Concept Videos

Cleavage and Blastulation01:33

Cleavage and Blastulation

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After a large-single-celled zygote is produced via fertilization, the process of cleavage occurs while zygotes travel through the uterine tube. Cleavage is a mitotic cell division that does not result in growth. With each round of successive cell division, daughter cells get increasingly smaller.
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Reaction Rate02:53

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The rate of reaction is the change in the amount of a reactant or product per unit time. Reaction rates are therefore determined by measuring the time dependence of some property that can be related to reactant or product amounts. Rates of reactions that consume or produce gaseous substances, for example, are conveniently determined by measuring changes in volume or pressure.
The mathematical representation of the change in the concentration of reactants and products, over time, is the rate...
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Related Rates01:18

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When two or more physical quantities are linked by a single relationship, a change in one variable necessarily affects the others. This interdependence forms the basis of related rates analysis, which examines how different quantities change with respect to time. A classic physical example is an expanding balloon, where the size of the balloon changes continuously as air is added.For a hot air balloon, the inflated envelope is commonly idealized as a perfect sphere to simplify mathematical...
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Temperature Dependence on Reaction Rate02:55

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The Collision Theory
Atoms, molecules, or ions must collide before they can react with each other. Atoms must be close together to form chemical bonds. This premise is the basis for a theory that explains many observations regarding chemical kinetics, including factors affecting reaction rates.
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Measuring Reaction Rates03:09

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Polarimetry finds application in chemical kinetics to measure the concentration and reaction kinetics of optically active substances during a chemical reaction. Optically active substances have the capability of rotating the plane of polarization of linearly polarized light passing through them—a feature called optical rotation. Optical activity is attributed to the molecular structure of substances. Normal monochromatic light is unpolarized and possesses oscillations of the electrical...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Identification of Pre-weanling 7-Day-Old Mice with Pinna Edge Biopsies
04:06

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Published on: May 23, 2025

442

Day 3 Biopsy and Blastulation Rates.

Mario Vega, Andrzej Breborowicz, Maytal Sauerbrun

    The Journal of Reproductive Medicine
    |November 9, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Blastomere biopsy for preimplantation genetic screening significantly reduces blastocyst development rates by 25%. Cleavage stage biopsy, however, yields more euploid embryos for transfer compared to trophectoderm biopsy.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive Medicine
    • Embryology
    • Genetics

    Background:

    • Preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) is crucial for selecting viable embryos.
    • Blastomere biopsy is a common method for obtaining embryonic cells for PGS.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To compare blastulation rates between embryos undergoing cleavage-stage biopsy and intact embryos.
    • To evaluate the impact of biopsy timing on euploid embryo availability.

    Main Methods:

    • Retrospective cohort study comparing IVF cycles with and without cleavage-stage biopsy.
    • Analysis of blastulation rates and euploid embryo proportions.

    Main Results:

    • Embryos undergoing cleavage-stage biopsy showed significantly lower blastulation rates (46.5% vs. 59.9%).

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  • This effect was more pronounced in women over 35.
  • Cleavage-stage biopsy resulted in a higher proportion of euploid embryos available for transfer compared to day 5 biopsy.

    • Conclusions:

    • Cleavage-stage biopsy for PGS reduces the overall blastocyst development rate.
    • Despite reduced blastulation, cleavage-stage biopsy may increase the availability of euploid embryos for transfer.