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Related Concept Videos

Cardiac Catheterization III: Left Heart Catheterization01:24

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Left heart catheterization is an invasive diagnostic procedure used to evaluate the function and structure of the left side of the heart. It is generally performed to diagnose and treat cardiovascular conditions such as valve abnormalities, coronary artery disease, and congenital heart defects.Diagnostic and therapeutic purposesLeft heart catheterization serves various diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Assessing coronary artery bypass grafts.Evaluating coronary artery disease in...
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Arrhythmia is a condition characterized by an irregular heart rhythm, with ECG changes that differ based on its origin and nature. The types of arrhythmias discussed below include atrial, junctional, and ventricular arrhythmias.Atrial ArrhythmiasPremature Atrial Complexes (PACs): PACs are early atrial beats caused by stress, caffeine, alcohol, electrolyte imbalances, hypoxia, hyperthyroidism, or certain medications (e.g., bronchodilators and decongestants). The ECG shows early P waves with an...
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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Technique of Minimally Invasive Transverse Aortic Constriction in Mice for Induction of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy
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Prognostic Implications of Left Ventricular Hypertrophy.

Merrill H Stewart1, Carl J Lavie1, Sangeeta Shah1

  • 1John Ochsner Heart and Vascular Institute, Ochsner Clinical School- The University of Queensland School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, United States of America.

Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH), a key echocardiographic measure, is often overlooked despite its prognostic importance. This review covers LVH analysis, causes, and therapeutic impacts on clinical outcomes.

Keywords:
Cardiovascular diseaseEchocardiographyHypertensionLeft ventricleLeft ventricular geometryLeft ventricular hypertrophyLeft ventricular mass

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Echocardiography

Background:

  • Left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) is a significant echocardiographic finding.
  • Despite its importance, LVH is frequently overlooked amidst numerous cardiac metrics.
  • Understanding LVH is crucial for assessing cardiac health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the accurate analysis techniques for LVH.
  • To explore the pathophysiology and risk factors contributing to LVH.
  • To examine the prognostic implications and therapeutic effects on LVH.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of echocardiographic studies on LVH.
  • Analysis of pathophysiology and risk factor contributions.
  • Review of prognostic data and therapeutic interventions for LVH.

Main Results:

  • LVH has significant prognostic implications for stroke, arrhythmias, and sudden cardiac death.
  • Various risk factors contribute to the development of LVH.
  • Therapeutic interventions can reduce LVH and improve clinical outcomes.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate LVH analysis remains vital in echocardiography.
  • Understanding LVH pathophysiology and risk factors is key for patient management.
  • Therapeutic strategies targeting LVH can mitigate adverse clinical outcomes.