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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Analysis of Liver Microenvironment During Early Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Zebrafish

Analysis of Liver Microenvironment During Early Progression of Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease-Associated Hepatocellular Carcinoma in Zebrafish

Published on: April 1, 2021

Liver-associated immune abnormalities.

Eyal Grunebaum¹, Yaron Avitzur²

¹Division of Immunology and Allergy, Department of Pediatrics, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Canada; The Food Allergy and Anaphylaxis Program, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada; University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

Autoimmunity Reviews

|November 9, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

The liver and immune system interact reciprocally. Primary immune deficiencies (PID) can cause liver issues, while liver transplants (OLT) may lead to immune disorders like post-transplant allergy and autoimmunity.

Keywords:

Autoimmunity Hepatitis Liver Primary immunodeficiency Transplantation

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Area of Science:

Hepatology
Immunology
Transplantation

Background:

The liver and immune system exhibit complex crosstalk, increasingly understood through studying primary immune deficiencies (PID) and outcomes after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT).
PID, especially those affecting T/B cells or innate immunity, often involve the liver, leading to infections and inflammation.
Liver transplantation (OLT) significantly impacts the immune system, with a notable incidence of post-transplant allergic, autoimmune, and immune-mediated disorders (PTAA).

Purpose of the Study:

To review the reciprocal interactions between the liver and the immune system.
To highlight the liver manifestations of various PID and their management.
To discuss the immune alterations following OLT, particularly PTAA.

Main Methods:

Literature review of PID associated with hepatobiliary abnormalities.
Analysis of immune system alterations in patients undergoing OLT.
Examination of factors contributing to post-transplant allergy, autoimmunity, and immune-mediated disorders (PTAA).

Main Results:

Specific PID, including Omenn's syndrome and chronic granulomatous disease, are linked to hepatobiliary abnormalities.
Laboratory and histological evaluations aid in managing PID-associated liver dysfunction.
PTAA affects up to 40% of pediatric OLT recipients, more frequently than after kidney transplants.

Conclusions:

Understanding PID-associated liver dysfunction is crucial for patient management.
Factors like patient age, tacrolimus use, and altered immune function contribute to PTAA post-OLT.
Further research into PTAA mechanisms will improve post-transplant care.