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Related Experiment Video

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mirMachine: A One-Stop Shop for Plant miRNA Annotation
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Exploring miRNAs for developing climate-resilient crops: A perspective review.

Jin Xu1, Qin-Min Hou1, Tushar Khare2

  • 1School of Environmental Science and Safety Engineering, Tianjin University of Technology, Tianjin 300384, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|November 9, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are crucial for crop adaptation to climate change. Engineering crops using miRNAs offers a promising strategy to enhance resilience against multiple environmental stresses.

Keywords:
Environmental stressesEpigeneticsGenetic engineeringPost-transcriptional regulationStress-responsesTransgenicsmiRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Plant molecular biology and genetics
  • Crop science and agricultural biotechnology
  • Environmental stress physiology

Background:

  • Climate change and environmental stresses pose significant threats to global crop production.
  • Plants possess molecular mechanisms, including gene expression reprogramming, to cope with environmental challenges.
  • Plant microRNAs (miRNAs) are key regulators of gene expression involved in stress responses and adaptation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of plant microRNAs (miRNAs) in crop adaptation to multi-stress environments.
  • To explore the potential of miRNAs as targets for engineering climate-resilient crops.
  • To discuss the involvement of miRNAs in epigenetic regulation and genome stability under stress.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on plant miRNAs, their biogenesis, function, and targets.
  • Analysis of recent developments in bioinformatics approaches for plant miRNA identification.
  • Emphasis on miRNAs involved in multi-stress responses and epigenetic/epigenomic adaptations.

Main Results:

  • Plant miRNAs are critical post-transcriptional regulators modulating gene expression in response to various environmental stresses.
  • miRNA-driven RNA interference (RNAi) is a viable technology for improving crop traits and phenotypic plasticity.
  • Emerging evidence highlights the role of miRNAs in epigenetic regulation and maintaining genome stability during stress.

Conclusions:

  • MicroRNAs represent potent targets for engineering crops capable of withstanding diverse climate-related environmental stresses.
  • Loss- and gain-of-function approaches targeting miRNAs can enhance crop resilience and adaptive potential.
  • Further research into plant miRNAs, particularly those involved in multi-stress adaptation and genome stability, is warranted for crop improvement.