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Allergic Reactions02:06

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The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin...
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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing...
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Relative Risk01:12

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Relative risk (RR) is a statistical measure commonly used in epidemiology to compare the likelihood of a particular event occurring between two groups. This metric is important for evaluating the relationship between exposure to a specific risk factor and the probability of a particular outcome. It plays a crucial role in medical research, public health studies, and risk assessment. Relative risk quantifies how much more (or less) likely an event is to occur in an exposed group compared to an...
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Arrhythmias are disturbances in the heart's rhythm that lead to abnormal heartbeats. These irregularities can originate from different parts of the heart and are classified based on their origin and nature.
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Tissue-specific transcription factors contribute to diverse cellular functions in mammals. For example, the gene for beta globin, a major component of hemoglobin, is present in all cells of the body. However, it is only expressed in red blood cells because the transcription factors that can bind to the promoter sequences of the beta globin gene are only expressed in these cells. Tissue-specific transcription factors also ensure that mutations in these factors may impair only the function of...
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In Vitro Rearing of Solitary Bees: A Tool for Assessing Larval Risk Factors
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Risk factors for allergic Aspergillus sinusitis.

William K Dolen1

  • 1Allergy-Immunology Section, Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, Georgia, USA.

Medical Mycology
|November 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Allergic Aspergillus sinusitis, a form of chronic rhinosinusitis, lacks diagnostic criteria. Researchers explore risk factors for this fungal sinusitis, investigating why only some individuals develop the condition despite known triggers.

Area of Science:

  • Otolaryngology
  • Allergy and Immunology
  • Mycology

Background:

  • Allergic Aspergillus sinusitis (AAS) is a subtype of allergic fungal sinusitis (AFS).
  • Pathological findings in AAS resemble those in allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA).
  • Current understanding lacks evidence-based diagnostic and management criteria for AAS, with unknown pathogenesis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the known and speculative risk factors associated with the development of Allergic Aspergillus sinusitis.
  • To elucidate the underlying reasons why only a subset of individuals with risk factors develop AAS.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on allergic fungal sinusitis and Aspergillus fumigatus.
  • Identification of established risk factors: chronic rhinitis, Aspergillus fumigatus exposure, and IgE-mediated response.

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  • Exploration of speculative factors: fungal growth conditions, superantigen responses, and HLA associations.

    • Main Results:

    • Established risk factors include chronic rhinitis, Aspergillus fumigatus exposure, and allergic sensitization (IgE response).
    • The specific reasons for disease development in susceptible individuals remain unclear.
    • Speculative factors contributing to AAS pathogenesis are proposed but not yet confirmed.

    Conclusions:

    • Allergic Aspergillus sinusitis requires further research to establish diagnostic and management guidelines.
    • Understanding the specific triggers and host factors is crucial for effective treatment of this chronic rhinosinusitis.
    • Future studies should focus on confirming speculative risk factors and elucidating the precise pathogenesis of AAS.