Depression is Associated With Sarcopenia Due to Low Muscle Strength: Results From the ELSA-Brasil Study
Claudia Szlejf1, Claudia K Suemoto2, Andre R Brunoni3
1Center for clinical and epidemiological research, Hospital Universitario, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
Objectives:
To investigate the association of sarcopenia and its defining components with depression in Brazilian middle-aged and older adults.
Design:
Cross-sectional study.
Setting And Participants:
This analysis included 5927 participants from the ELSA-Brasil Study second data collection, aged 55 years and older, with complete data for exposure, outcome, and covariates.
Measures:
Muscle mass was evaluated by bioelectrical impedance analysis and muscle strength by hand-grip strength. Sarcopenia was defined according to the Foundation for the National Institutes of Health (FNIH) criteria. Depression was assessed using the Clinical Interview Scheduled Revised (CIS-R). Information on sociodemographic characteristics, lifestyle, and clinical comorbidities were also obtained.
Results:
The frequencies of sarcopenia, presarcopenia, low muscle mass, low muscle strength, and low muscle strength without loss of muscle mass was 1.9%, 18.8%, 20.7%, 4.8%, and 2.9%, respectively. After adjustment for sociodemographic characteristics, clinical conditions, and lifestyle factors, depression was associated with sarcopenia (odds ratio [OR] = 2.23, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.11-4.48, P = .024) and low muscle strength (OR = 1.94, 95% CI = 1.20-3.15, P = .007), but it was not associated with presarcopenia, low muscle mass, and low muscle strength without loss of muscle mass.
Conclusions:
Depression is associated with sarcopenia defined by the FNIH criteria mainly because of its association with weakness. Future studies are needed to clarify the temporal relationship between both conditions.
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