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Overview
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Aging is a complex biological phenomenon influenced by various processes that affect cellular and systemic functions. Several prominent theories attempt to explain its mechanisms, highlighting cellular limitations, oxidative damage, and hormonal changes as central factors in aging.
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Several body functions deteriorate with age. The external signs of aging are easily identifiable. For example, the skin becomes dry, less elastic, and thins out, forming wrinkles. The skin of the face begins to appear looser due to a decrease in the levels of elastic and collagen fibers in the connective tissue. Additionally, melanin production in the hair follicle decreases with age, resulting in gray hair. Moreover, the senses of sight and hearing decline, so glasses and hearing aids may...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Establishing a Severe Corneal Inflammation Model in Rats Based on Corneal Epithelium Curettage Combined with Corneal Sutures
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Establishing a Severe Corneal Inflammation Model in Rats Based on Corneal Epithelium Curettage Combined with Corneal Sutures

Published on: November 22, 2024

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Aging, inflammation and cancer.

Barbara Bottazzi1, Elio Riboli2, Alberto Mantovani3

  • 1Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via Manzoni 56, 20089, Rozzano, Milan, Italy.

Seminars in Immunology
|November 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Aging and cancer share a common link: persistent, low-grade inflammation. This "smoldering inflammation" drives cancer development in aging individuals by influencing both cellular and organismal processes.

Keywords:
CancerImmunosenescenceInflammaging

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Gerontology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Aging is intrinsically linked to neoplasia (cancer) across cellular, individual, and population levels.
  • Chronic, unresolved inflammation is a hallmark of aging, impacting both cells and organisms.
  • Inflammatory mediators are crucial components of the tumor microenvironment, promoting cancer progression.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the role of uncontrolled smoldering inflammation in driving carcinogenesis during aging.
  • To establish smoldering inflammation as a common denominator linking the processes of aging and cancer.
  • To elucidate the extrinsic and intrinsic pathways connecting inflammation and cancer in the context of aging.

Main Methods:

  • Review and synthesis of existing literature on aging, inflammation, and cancer.
  • Analysis of the molecular and cellular mechanisms linking inflammatory processes to neoplastic development.
  • Examination of the tumor microenvironment's inflammatory components and their role in tumor progression.

Main Results:

  • Unrestrained inflammatory mediator production is a key feature of aging at cellular and organismal levels.
  • Non-resolving smoldering inflammation significantly increases cancer risk (extrinsic pathway).
  • Genetic events in neoplasia orchestrate cancer-related inflammation (intrinsic pathway).

Conclusions:

  • Uncontrolled smoldering inflammation is a key driver of carcinogenesis in aging.
  • Smoldering inflammation acts as a unifying factor connecting aging and cancer development.
  • Targeting chronic inflammation may offer novel strategies for cancer prevention and treatment in aging populations.