Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 2, 2026
06:18
Measurement of Myocardial Lactate Production for Diagnosis of Coronary Microvascular Spasm
Published on: September 17, 2021
1.9K
Sex Differences in Coronary Microvascular Function in Individuals With Type 2 Diabetes
Andrea V Haas1, Bernard A Rosner2, Raymond Y Kwong3
1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Hypertension, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA ahaas2@bwh.harvard.edu.
Diabetes
|November 10, 2018
Summary
Women with type 2 diabetes show worse coronary microvascular dysfunction and diastolic function than men, even with good control. Higher aldosterone response in women may explain these cardiovascular differences.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Endocrinology
- Medical Research
Background:
- Cardiovascular disease fatality rates are higher in women with diabetes compared to men.
- Coronary microvascular dysfunction, indicated by impaired coronary flow reserve (CFR), is a key factor in adverse cardiovascular events.
- Type 2 diabetes complicates cardiovascular risk assessment, particularly regarding sex-based disparities.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate sex disparities in coronary microvascular dysfunction among individuals with well-controlled type 2 diabetes.
- To compare coronary microvascular function and diastolic function between men and women with type 2 diabetes.
- To explore the role of aldosterone in sex-specific differences in cardiovascular function.
Main Methods:
- Post hoc analysis of 46 men and 27 women with type 2 diabetes and no obstructive coronary artery disease.
- Measurement of rest and adenosine-stimulated myocardial blood flow (MBF) to calculate CFR.
- Assessment of diastolic function and aldosterone levels following angiotensin-II infusion.
Main Results:
- Women exhibited higher rest MBF, lower CFR, and poorer diastolic function compared to men.
- Rest MBF was positively correlated with worse diastolic function in women.
- Women showed a greater increase in aldosterone levels in response to angiotensin-II infusion than men.
Conclusions:
- Women with type 2 diabetes and good cardiometabolic control demonstrate impaired myocardial perfusion and diastolic function relative to men.
- Sex differences in cardiovascular outcomes may be linked to greater aldosterone responsivity in women.
- Aldosterone may play a significant role in the pathophysiology of coronary microvascular dysfunction in diabetic women.
Related Concept Videos
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational
5.0K
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
5.0K
01:26Types of Functions I
308
Functions are fundamental mathematical tools that capture relationships between variables and describe how one quantity changes in relation to another. Their diverse forms allow them to model various real-world phenomena with precision and flexibility. Among the various categories, algebraic functions are prominent due to their formulation through basic arithmetic operations: addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, and root extraction.Algebraic functions include polynomial, rational,...
308
01:22Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
5.4K
Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
5.4K
01:19Types of Functions II
191
Trigonometric and exponential functions are essential mathematical tools used to model distinct types of real-world behavior, particularly in periodic and growth-related phenomena. These functions extend the capabilities of basic algebraic models by capturing recurring cycles and rapid changes across various scientific and engineering contexts.Trigonometric functions, such as sine and cosine, are particularly effective for representing periodic phenomena. Their cyclic behavior makes them...
191
01:24T Cell Types and Functions
2.5K
When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
2.5K
01:28Types of Functions III
264
Logarithmic and piecewise functions play central roles in mathematical modeling, particularly when capturing nonlinear or segmented behaviors in real-world phenomena. Although these functions differ fundamentally in structure and application, both serve to represent complex relationships in simplified mathematical terms.A logarithmic function is defined as the inverse of an exponential function, expressed as These functions grow quickly for small values of x but slow down as x increases,...
264