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Cerium Oxide Nanoparticles Decrease Drought-Induced Oxidative Damage in Sorghum Leading to Higher Photosynthesis and

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Area of Science:

  • Agricultural Science
  • Plant Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Drought stress significantly impacts global crop production, leading to reduced photosynthesis and yield.
  • Oxidative stress, characterized by reactive oxygen species (ROS), is a primary mechanism of drought damage in plants.
  • Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a vital crop susceptible to drought-induced yield losses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the efficacy of cerium oxide nanoparticles (nanoceria) in mitigating drought stress in sorghum.
  • To evaluate the impact of nanoceria on oxidative stress markers, photosynthesis, and grain yield.
  • To assess the translocation and safety of nanoceria in sorghum plants.

Main Methods:

  • Drought stress was imposed on sorghum plants by withholding water for 21 days during the booting stage.
  • Foliar application of 10 mg L⁻¹ nanoceria was administered to drought-stressed plants.
  • Measurements included leaf oxidative stress indicators (superoxide radical, hydrogen peroxide, lipid peroxidation), carbon assimilation, pollen germination, and seed yield.
  • Nanoceria translocation and mammalian cell toxicity were also assessed.

Main Results:

  • Foliar-sprayed nanoceria significantly reduced leaf superoxide radical (41%), hydrogen peroxide (36%), and lipid peroxidation (37%) under drought conditions.
  • Nanoceria application led to a substantial increase in leaf carbon assimilation rates (38%), pollen germination (31%), and seed yield per plant (31%) in drought-stressed sorghum.
  • Translocation studies confirmed that nanoceria can move from the roots to the shoots of sorghum plants.
  • Mammalian cell toxicity assays showed a high effective concentration (EC50) of >250 mg L⁻¹, indicating safety at the applied levels.

Conclusions:

  • Foliar application of cerium oxide nanoparticles effectively alleviates drought-induced oxidative stress in sorghum.
  • Nanoceria treatment enhances photosynthetic efficiency and reproductive success, leading to improved grain yield under drought conditions.
  • The findings suggest that nanoceria holds promise as a protective agent for enhancing crop resilience against drought stress.