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Modern Human Immunodeficiency Virus Therapy: Progress and Prospects.

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Lifelong antiretroviral therapy enables normal life expectancy for most people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Future treatments will include long-acting injectables and implants for HIV management and prevention.

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Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection control represents a major public health success.
  • Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has transformed HIV into a manageable chronic condition, allowing near-normal life expectancy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and current state of lifelong antiretroviral therapy for HIV.
  • To discuss the unique challenges and future directions in HIV treatment and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical and current antiretroviral drug development and clinical use.
  • Analysis of the principles of lifelong HIV management and drug resistance.
  • Exploration of emerging long-acting therapeutic modalities.

Main Results:

  • Over 30 drugs and numerous formulations have led to highly effective ART regimens.
  • Daily oral ART allows most individuals with HIV to achieve normal or near-normal life expectancy.
  • Lifelong adherence is crucial to prevent rapid and permanent drug resistance.

Conclusions:

  • Current oral ART regimens are highly effective for lifelong HIV control.
  • Future HIV treatment and prevention strategies will incorporate long-acting injectable and implantable options.
  • Continued innovation in ART is essential for managing the HIV epidemic globally.