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Thermalization and Heating Dynamics in Open Generic Many-Body Systems.

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Quantum many-body systems subjected to continuous observation demonstrate thermalization, revealing unique mechanisms driven by quantum measurement. This research extends thermalization theory to open systems, offering insights into thermodynamics emergence.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Physics
  • Statistical Mechanics
  • Condensed Matter Theory

Background:

  • Recent advances have deepened the understanding of thermalization in isolated quantum systems.
  • The eigenstate thermalization hypothesis provides a key framework for studying isolated systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To extend the theory of quantum thermalization to open many-body systems.
  • To investigate thermalization mechanisms unique to systems under continuous observation.

Main Methods:

  • Combining the eigenstate thermalization hypothesis with quantum measurement theory.
  • Developing a theoretical framework for quantum thermalization in open systems.
  • Applying the theory to experimentally relevant models, including atom-cavity systems and quantum gas microscopy.

Main Results:

  • Demonstrated that generic many-body systems under continuous observation thermalize at a single trajectory level.
  • Identified unique thermalization mechanisms arising from the non-unitary nature of quantum measurements.
  • Provided numerical evidence supporting the developed theory.

Conclusions:

  • The developed theory offers a general method to determine the effective temperature of quantum many-body systems under the Lindblad master equation.
  • The findings are applicable to noisy, dissipative, or continuously monitored quantum systems.
  • This work provides new insights into the universal emergence of thermodynamics.