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Separating Dipole and Quadrupole Contributions to Single-Photon Double Ionization.

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We measured helium double ionization by a photon, observing electron emission patterns from a pure quadrupole transition. This reveals distinct dipole and quadrupole contributions, enhancing understanding of the quasifree mechanism in photo-double-ionization.

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Area of Science:

  • Atomic Physics
  • Quantum Mechanics
  • Photon-Matter Interactions

Background:

  • Double ionization of atoms is a fundamental quantum process.
  • Understanding electron emission patterns provides insight into electron correlation.
  • Previous studies have focused on dipole contributions, leaving quadrupole effects less explored.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To kinematically measure the double ionization of helium by circularly polarized photons.
  • To isolate and analyze the pure quadrupole contribution to photo-double-ionization.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of electron emission dynamics in helium.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing a kinematically complete measurement.
  • Employing 1100 eV circularly polarized photons.
  • Applying ab initio nonperturbative theoretical calculations.

Main Results:

  • Observed the angular emission pattern of electrons from a pure quadrupole transition.
  • Demonstrated the separation of dipole and quadrupole contributions in photo-double-ionization.
  • Experimental data and theory show excellent agreement.

Conclusions:

  • The study successfully separated dipole and quadrupole contributions to helium photo-double-ionization.
  • New insights into the quasifree mechanism governing electron emission were gained.
  • This work sets a benchmark for future studies on electron correlation in atomic ionization.