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Maximum Bony Gape in Primates.

Ellen E I Fricano1, Jonathan M G Perry1

  • 1Center for Functional Anatomy and Evolution, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1830 East Monument Street, Baltimore, Maryland.

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|November 10, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Maximum bony gape (MBG) in primates reliably estimates feeding behaviors and social dynamics. This skeletal measurement correlates with food size and canine length, offering insights into extinct primate diets.

Keywords:
craniomandibular morphologydietary adaptationfood sizefunctional morphology

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Area of Science:

  • Primate paleontology
  • Functional morphology
  • Comparative anatomy

Background:

  • Maximum jaw gape influences primate feeding habits and behavior.
  • Previous studies suggest correlations between gape, canine height, and food size.
  • Extending these correlations to fossils aids understanding of extinct primate diets and social structures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish a reliable and repeatable method for estimating maximum bony gape (MBG) from primate skeletal remains.
  • To investigate the correlation between MBG and other functional traits like canine length and food intake.
  • To assess the utility of skeletal measurements for inferring primate feeding ecology.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a standardized protocol for measuring MBG using fixed cranial positions and controlled mandibular rotation.
  • Utilized photography and linear measurements on 203 individuals across 42 primate species.
  • Employed scaling for body size to analyze relationships between MBG and other variables.

Main Results:

  • Linear MBG, when scaled for body size, shows significant correlation with maximum anesthetized gape.
  • MBG also correlates with ingested food size and canine length.
  • No significant correlation was found between MBG and condylar height.

Conclusions:

  • The developed method provides a reliable way to estimate primate jaw gape from skeletal remains.
  • MBG is a valuable proxy for understanding feeding ecology and potentially social behaviors in both extant and extinct primates.
  • Skeletal measurements offer a viable approach to inferring functional traits in the fossil record.