NF-κB Signaling in Targeting Tumor Cells by Oncolytic Viruses-Therapeutic Perspectives

Area of Science:

• Oncology
• Immunology
• Virology

Background:

• Oncolytic virotherapy is a developing cancer treatment strategy using novel anticancer drugs.
• Oncolytic viruses (OVs) can elicit antitumor responses but struggle against tumor defenses and host limitations.
• Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a key transcription factor implicated in immunity and tumorigenesis, often aberrantly activated in cancers.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the influence of OVs on NF-κB activation in tumor cells.
• To highlight NF-κB signaling as a critical factor in OV-based cancer therapy.
• To explore the potential of combining OVs with NF-κB-modulating drugs for enhanced antitumor effects.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of studies investigating oncolytic viruses and NF-κB signaling in cancer.
• Analysis of the interplay between OV activity and NF-κB pathway modulation.
• Synthesis of findings on combination therapies involving OVs and NF-κB inhibitors.

Main Results:

• OVs can modulate NF-κB signaling pathways within tumor cells.
• Aberrant NF-κB activation is common in various cancer types, impacting therapeutic outcomes.
• Combination therapy of OVs and NF-κB modulators shows potential for improved efficacy.

Conclusions:

• NF-κB signaling is a crucial consideration for optimizing oncolytic virotherapy.
• Targeting NF-κB alongside OV treatment may overcome therapeutic limitations.
• Further research into combined OV and NF-κB-targeting strategies is warranted for effective cancer treatment.