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Numerical Processing and Executive Functioning in Early Versus Middle Childhood: A Japanese Sample
Kazufumi Omura1, Shinya Matsuta1
11 Faculty of Education, Art, and Science, Yamagata University, Japan.
Children
Area of Science:
- Cognitive Development
- Developmental Psychology
- Neuroscience
Background:
- Executive functioning (EF) is theorized to influence numerical processing development.
- The precise interaction between numerical processing and EF across childhood remains unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the developmental relationship between numerical processing and executive functioning in school-aged children.
- To examine how numerical comparison and executive control mechanisms evolve during development.
Main Methods:
- Sixty Japanese school children (8-12 years) were grouped by age (2nd, 4th, 6th graders).
- Participants completed physical and numerical comparison Stroop tasks to assess numerical processing and executive functioning.
- The size congruity effect was analyzed as an index of attentional and inhibitory control.
Main Results:
- Numerical Stroop effect (automatic processing) was present in all age groups during the physical task.
- Numerical distance effect (intentional processing) was evident in all groups during the numerical task.
- The size congruity effect, indicating executive functioning, was strongest in younger children (2nd graders).
Conclusions:
- Numerical processing appears to mature and stabilize before primary school.
- Executive functioning, particularly attentional and inhibitory control, continues to develop throughout primary school.
- A developmental dissociation exists between numerical processing and executive functioning in children.
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