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Cytokines in clinical cancer immunotherapy

Pedro Berraondo1,2,3, Miguel F Sanmamed4,5,6,7, María C Ochoa4,5,6

  • 1Immunology and Immunotherapy Program, Center for Applied Medical Research, CIMA, University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain. pberraondol@unav.es.

British Journal of Cancer
|November 11, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Cytokine immunotherapy, including engineered proteins and targeted therapies, shows promise in cancer treatment. Research is rapidly advancing with new clinical trials exploring these innovative cytokine-based drugs.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Cytokines are key mediators of cell communication with established anti-tumour properties.
  • Early cytokine therapies like interferon-alpha and interleukin-2 showed modest success in treating malignancies.
  • Recent advancements include immune checkpoint inhibitors and CAR T-cells, alongside a resurgence in cytokine-based immunotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel trends in cytokine immunotherapy for cancer treatment.
  • To highlight the development of second-generation cytokine drugs and strategies to block immunosuppressive cytokines.
  • To provide an overview of emerging therapeutic agents entering clinical trials.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical and clinical research on cytokine-based cancer therapies.
  • Analysis of novel drug development strategies, including modified cytokines and targeted delivery systems.
  • Examination of methods to counteract immunosuppressive cytokines.

Main Results:

  • Significant increase in clinical trials for cytokine-based drugs, both as single agents and in combination therapies.
  • Development of novel cytokine therapeutics with enhanced half-life and targeted delivery to the tumour microenvironment.
  • Emergence of strategies to inhibit immunosuppressive cytokines using antibodies, small molecules, and RNA interference.

Conclusions:

  • Cytokine immunotherapy is a rapidly evolving field with significant potential for cancer treatment.
  • Second-generation cytokine drugs and novel inhibition strategies are yielding promising therapeutic agents for clinical trials.
  • The combination of cytokines with other immunomodulatory drugs represents a key future direction in immuno-oncology.

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