Cervicomedullary Ganglioglioma in a Child - A Case Report

Ganglioglioma is a benign slow-growing neoplasm that most frequently occurs at the supratentorial region. Nevertheless, there are occasional reports of ganglioglioma occurring in the brainstem and spinal cord. Here we report a rare case of the craniocervical ganglioglioma. A 3.5-year-old male, presented with severe progressive quadriparesis, gait disturbance, and sphincter deficit. Physical examination demonstrated the quadriparesis, associated with positive Hoffman, Babinski, and clonus signs, and increased respond of deep tendon reflexes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) demonstrated an ill-defined mass within medulla and upper cervical spinal cord, which was hypo to iso signal on T1, heterogeneous iso to hypersignal on T2 and demonstrated marked bright enhancement on T1 with gadolinium (Gad) injection. On surgery, the mass had a soft texture, ill-defined border, and grey to brown appearance. According to the frozen section report, and due to the absence of the tumour-neural parenchymal interference, only decompression of the tumour and expansile duraplasty were performed. The histopathology revealed ganglioglioma. On last follow-up 14 months after surgery, the patient was asymptomatic and neurological status was improved. The craniocervical MRI demonstrated the tumour that did not grow. Although it is rare, the ganglioglioma should be in the differentiated diagnoses of tumours with compatible clinical and radiologic features even in the unusual locations, especially in the pediatric and young patients. Safety surgical resection should be considered in these patients, whenever possible. In the case of partial resection, that is common in the tumours located within functionally critical structures, long close follow-up rather than radiation therapy is required.