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Biomaterials and glia: Progress on designs to modulate neuroinflammation
C Tsui1, K Koss2, M A Churchward2
1Neuroscience and Mental Health Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R3, Canada.
Acta Biomaterialia
|November 11, 2018
Summary
Biomaterials can be engineered to reduce neuroinflammation by targeting microglia, the central nervous system's immune cells. This approach enhances the biocompatibility of implantable devices and aids recovery from neurological injuries and disorders.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Biomaterials Science
- Immunology
Background:
- Microglia are crucial for nervous system function and repair, but sustained inflammation can impede recovery and drive neurodegenerative diseases.
- Implantable therapeutic devices in the central nervous system face challenges with limited lifespan due to microglial-mediated inflammation.
- Biomaterial and engineered design offer potential to modulate neuroinflammation for therapeutic benefit.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review recent advances in biomaterials designed to target microglia and modulate neuroinflammation.
- To explore strategies for improving the biocompatibility and longevity of implantable devices in the central nervous system.
- To identify gaps in current research and promote further consideration of microglia behavior in biomaterial design.
Main Methods:
- Review of literature on biomaterial strategies including biocompatible coatings, flexible device designs, and anti-inflammatory drug loading.
- Discussion of studies utilizing 3D hydrogels and nanoscaffolds for microglial cell culture and assessment of neurological conditions.
- Examination of microglia-targeting treatments such as nanoparticulate systems and cellular backpacks for drug delivery.
Main Results:
- Biomaterial strategies like compliant electrodes, hydrogels, and nanoparticle drug delivery systems show promise in attenuating neuroinflammation.
- Engineered designs focusing on reduced tissue scarring and targeted drug delivery can improve device compatibility and therapeutic outcomes.
- Targeting the phagocytic nature of microglia offers a route for delivering anti-inflammatory agents.
Conclusions:
- Biomaterials offer significant potential for improving implant biocompatibility and reducing rejection by modulating microglial inflammatory responses.
- Further research into microglia behavior and neuroinflammation is essential for developing next-generation therapeutic devices and treatments.
- Integrating biomaterial design with an understanding of neuroimmunology can lead to enhanced recovery from central nervous system injuries and diseases.
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