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A Mouse Model of Ankle-Subtalar Complex Joint Instability
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Medial Ankle Instability: The Deltoid Dilemma
Saud Alshalawi1, Ahmed E Galhoum2, Yousef Alrashidi3
1Prince Sultan Military Medical City, PO Box 13225-6604, Riyadh 12233, Saudi Arabia.
Foot and Ankle Clinics
|November 12, 2018
Summary
Medial ankle instability (MAI) diagnosis and treatment remain debated. This review clarifies MAI presentations and offers a management guide, emphasizing the deltoid ligament complex
Area of Science:
- Orthopedics
- Sports Medicine
- Anatomy
Background:
- Medial ankle instability (MAI) diagnosis and treatment are poorly understood.
- The deltoid ligament complex is frequently injured, often with other ankle lesions.
- Pes planovalgus deformity may indicate MAI in patients without posterior tibial tendon insufficiency.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review clinical presentations of MAI.
- To provide a management guide for MAI.
- To increase awareness of deltoid ligament complex injuries.
Main Methods:
- Literature review.
- Clinical case analysis.
- Expert consensus.
Main Results:
- MAI has varied clinical presentations.
- Isolated or combined deltoid ligament injuries are common.
- Pes planovalgus can be an indicator of MAI.
Conclusions:
- MAI requires better recognition and standardized management.
- Understanding deltoid ligament complex injuries is crucial for effective treatment.
- Pes planovalgus deformity warrants evaluation for underlying MAI.
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