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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
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Related Experiment Video

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A Methodology for Capturing Joint Visual Attention Using Mobile Eye-Trackers
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Joint attention is intact even when visuospatial working memory is occupied.

Takemasa Yokoyama1, Ryosuke Kato2, Kazuya Inoue3

  • 1Automotive Human Factors Research Center, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Tsukuba, Japan.

Vision Research
|November 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Joint attention, the ability to shift spatial attention based on another's gaze, remains unaffected even when cognitive resources are engaged in spatial working memory tasks. This indicates that joint attention processing is robust against interference from working memory demands.

Keywords:
Dual task paradigmGaze perceptionJoint attentionSpatial working memory

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Visual Attention

Background:

  • Joint attention, the redirection of attention based on another individual's gaze, is a fundamental social-cognitive process.
  • Previous research suggests joint attention can be modulated by cognitive tasks, but the impact of spatial working memory remains unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether spatial working memory interferes with the phenomenon of joint attention.
  • To determine if cognitive load from spatial working memory affects the ability to orient attention based on gaze cues.

Main Methods:

  • A dual-task paradigm combining a gaze-cuing task with a spatial working memory task was employed.
  • Participants performed a gaze-cuing task (responding to targets while ignoring central gaze) concurrently with memorizing and recalling dot locations.
  • Electrooculography was used to monitor eye movements.

Main Results:

  • Maintaining spatial information in working memory did not impair the magnitude of joint attention.
  • Increased cognitive load in the spatial working memory task did not alter these findings.
  • Replication of results occurred even when an additional identification task was performed.

Conclusions:

  • Joint attention processing is resilient and remains intact even when spatial working memory is occupied.
  • Cognitive resources allocated to spatial working memory do not significantly interfere with the mechanisms underlying joint attention.