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Related Concept Videos

Master Transcription Regulators02:23

Master Transcription Regulators

7.8K
Master transcription regulators are regulatory proteins that are predominantly responsible for regulating the expression of multiple genes. Often these genes work in concert to drive a  complex process. Activation of a master transcription regulator can lead to a cascade of transcriptional activation necessary for that outcome. These regulators can directly bind to the regulatory sequences of the various genes involved, or they can indirectly regulate transcription by binding to regulatory...
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Export of Mitochondrial and Chloroplast Genes02:19

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A eukaryotic cell can have up to three different types of genetic systems: nuclear, mitochondrial, and chloroplast. During evolution, organelles have exported many genes to the nucleus; this transfer is still ongoing in some plant species. Approximately 18% of the Arabidopsis thaliana nuclear genome is thought to be derived from the chloroplast’s cyanobacterial ancestor, and around 75% of the yeast genome derived from the mitochondria’s bacterial ancestor. This export has occurred...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators

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Transcriptional regulators bind to specific cis-regulatory sequences in the DNA to regulate gene transcription. These cis-regulatory sequences are very short, usually less than ten nucleotide pairs in length. The short length means that there is a high probability of the exact same sequence randomly occurring throughout the genome.  Since regulators can also bind to groups of similar sequences, this further increases the chances of random binding. Transcriptional regulators form...
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Cooperative Binding of Transcription Regulators02:13

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Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes02:16

Comparing Mitochondrial, Chloroplast, and Prokaryotic Genomes

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The present-day mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes have retained some of the characteristics of their ancestral prokaryotes and also have acquired new attributes during their evolution within eukaryotic cells. Like prokaryotic genomes, mitochondrial and chloroplast genomes neither bind with histone-like proteins nor show complex packaging into chromosome-like structures, as observed in eukaryotes. Unlike mitotic cell divisions observed in eukaryotic cells, mitochondria and chloroplasts...
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach
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Analysis of Termination of Transcription Using BrUTP-strand-specific Transcription Run-on TRO Approach

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Regulated chloroplast transcription termination.

Daili Ji1, Nikolay Manavski2, Jörg Meurer3

  • 1Photosynthesis Research Center, Key Laboratory of Photobiology, Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Bioenergetics
|November 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Transcription termination in chloroplasts is crucial for gene expression, involving RNA polymerase release. Recent studies reveal novel factors regulating this process in Arabidopsis, offering insights into its significance.

Keywords:
ChloroplastMTERFRho factorTranscriptionTranscription termination

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Transcription termination is a key step in gene expression, releasing RNA polymerase from DNA.
  • Chloroplasts possess a unique hybrid transcription system with multiple RNA polymerases.
  • Chloroplast transcription termination mechanisms remain less understood compared to nuclear systems.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on transcription termination in chloroplasts.
  • To highlight recent findings on novel factors regulating chloroplast transcription termination.
  • To underscore the functional importance of termination beyond gene boundary definition.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic approaches for factor identification and functional characterization.
  • Biochemical methods to elucidate mechanisms of transcription termination.
  • Review of existing literature on chloroplast gene expression and termination.

Main Results:

  • Identification and functional characterization of novel factors influencing chloroplast transcription termination.
  • Demonstration of the significance of these factors in regulating gene expression.
  • Insights into the specific mechanisms employed in Arabidopsis chloroplasts.

Conclusions:

  • Chloroplast transcription termination is a complex process regulated by multiple factors.
  • Understanding these factors is essential for comprehending chloroplast gene expression.
  • Further research is needed to fully elucidate the intricacies of chloroplast transcription termination.