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Related Concept Videos

What is Gene Expression?01:42

What is Gene Expression?

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Overview
Gene expression is the process in which DNA directs the synthesis of functional products, that is, proteins. Cells can regulate gene expression at various stages. It allows organisms to generate different cell types and enables cells to adapt to internal and external factors.
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Multicellular organisms contain a variety of structurally and functionally distinct cell types, but the DNA in all the cells originated from the same parent cells. The differences in the cells can be attributed to the differential gene expression. Liver cells, whose functions include detoxification of blood, production of bile to metabolize fats, and synthesis of proteins essential for metabolism, must express a specific set of genes to perform their functions. Gene expression also varies with...
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Updated: Feb 2, 2026

Measuring Gene Expression in Bombarded Barley Aleurone Layers with Increased Throughput
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Transient Transformation Using Particle Bombardment for Gene Expression Analysis.

Andika Gunadi1, Eric A Dean1,2, John J Finer3

  • 1Department of Horticulture and Crop Science, The Ohio State University, Ohio Agricultural Research and Development Center, Wooster, OH, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|November 12, 2018
PubMed
Summary

This study optimized a transient expression system for rapid gene expression analysis in lima beans. The particle bombardment method, using green fluorescent protein, enhances promoter evaluation for researchers.

Keywords:
Gene introductionGreen fluorescent proteinLima bean cotyledonPromoter analysisTransient expression

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Area of Science:

  • Plant Molecular Biology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Transient expression systems offer rapid gene expression analysis.
  • Evaluating gene expression components requires efficient screening tools.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe an optimized lima bean transient expression system for evaluating gene expression components.
  • To provide detailed methods for successful implementation of particle bombardment for transient gene expression.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing particle bombardment to deliver DNA constructs into lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus) cotyledons.
  • Employing constructs containing the green fluorescent protein (GFP) coding region to monitor gene expression.
  • Carefully following optimized protocols developed over 10 years for reliable results.

Main Results:

  • The optimized lima bean transient expression system allows for rapid and fleeting gene expression.
  • Successful evaluation of promoter components influencing gene expression was achieved.
  • The system demonstrates high efficiency and reliability compared to other observed methods.

Conclusions:

  • The described lima bean transient expression system is a powerful tool for high-throughput screening of gene regulatory elements.
  • Careful adherence to optimized protocols is crucial for the success of this transient expression method.
  • This system provides a robust platform for advancing plant gene expression research.